10/21/09 Go over history and cell theory Ppt cell structure Quiz 7A Diversity Lab

Today you should... Be familiar with the cell theory Have all descriptions for one cell, plant or animal. www.cellsalive.com http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/

Prokaryotic Cells Believed to be the first cells to evolve. Lack a membrane bound nucleus and organelles. Genetic material is naked in the cytoplasm Ribosomes are only organelle. Http.micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells.html

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells.html

Cell Wall Rigid peptidoglycan - polysaccharide coat that gives the cell shape and surround the cytoplasmic mem-brane. Offers protection from environment. Http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/bacteriacell.html

Plasma Membrane Layer of phospho-lipids and proteins that separates cytoplasm from external environment. Regulates flow of material in and out of cell. Http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/bacteriacell.html

Cytoplasm Also known as proto-plasm is location of growth, metabolism, and replication. Is a gel-like matrix of water, enzymes, nutrients, wastes, and gases and contains cell structures. Http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/bacteriacell.html

Ribosomes Translate the genetic code into proteins. Free-standing and dis-tributed throughout the cytoplasm. Http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/bacteriacell.html

Nucleoid Region of the cytoplasm where chromosomal DNA is located. Usually a singular, circular chromosome. Smaller circles of DNA called plasmids are also located in cytoplasm. Http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/bacteriacell.html

Mesosome Infolding of cell membrane. Possible role in cell division. Increases surface area. Photosynthetic pigments or respira-tory chains here. Http://www.med.sc.edu:85/fox/protobact.jpg

Eukaryotic Cells “True nucleus”; contained in a mem-brane bound structure. Membrane bound organelles. Thought to have evolved from prokaryotic cells. Http:micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animalcell.html

Ribosomes Translate the genetic code into proteins. Found attached to the Rough endoplasmic reticulum or free in the cytoplasm. 60% RNA and 40% protein. Http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/ribosomes.html

Ribosome Http://cellbio.utmb.edu/cellbio/ribosome.htm

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Network of continuous sacs, studded with ribosomes. Manufactures, pro-cesses, and transports proteins for export from cell. Continuous with nuclear envelope. Http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cels/animal/endoplasmicreticulum.html

Endoplasmic Reticulum Http://cellbio.utmb.edu/cellbio/ribosome.htm

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Similar in appearance to rough ER, but without the ribosomes. Involved in the production of lipids, carbohydrate metabolism, and detoxification of drugs and poisons. Metabolizes calcium. Http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/endoplasmicreticulum.html

Lysosome Single membrane bound structure. Contains digestive enzymes that break down cellular waste and debris and nutrients for use by the cell. Http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/lysosome/html

Lysosome Http://anatomy.med.unsw.edu.au/teach/phph1004/1998/WWWlect3/sld005.htm

Golgi Apparatus Modifies proteins and lipids made by the ER and prepares them for export from the cell. Encloses digestive enyzymes into membranes to form lysosomes. Http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/golgiapparatus.html

Golgi Apparatus Http://cellbio.utmb.edu/cellbio/golgi.htm

Mitochondrion Membrane bound organelles that are the site of cellular respiration (ATP production) http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/mitochondrion/html

Mitochondrion Http://anatomy.med.unsw.edu.au/teach/phph1004/1998/WWWlect3/sld005.htm

Nucleus Double membrane-bound control center of cell. Separates the genetic material from the rest of the cell. Http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/nucleus/html

Nucleus Http://cellbio.utmb.edu/cellbio/nucleus.htm

Parts of the nucleus: Chromatin - genetic material of cell in its non-dividing state. Nucleolus - dark-staining structure in the nucleus that plays a role in making ribosomes Nuclear envelope - double membrane structure that separates nucleus from cytoplasm.

Plasma Membrane Phospholipid bi-layer that separates the cell from its environment. Selectively permeable to allow substances to pass into and out of the cell. Http:micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animal/plasmamembrane.html

Cilia and Flagella External appendages from the cell membrane that aid in locomotion of the cell. Cilia also help to move substance past the membrane. Http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/ciliaandflagella.html

Centrioles Found only in animal cells. Self-replicating Made of bundles of microtubules. Help in organizing cell division. Http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/animas/centrioles.html

Microfilaments Solid rods of globular proteins. Important component of cytoskeleton which offers support to cell structure. Http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/microfilaments.html

Microtubules Rods of proteins that support and move components around the cell

Cell Wall Protects and gives rigidity to plant cells Formed from fibrils of cellulose molecules in a “matrix” of polysaccharides and glycoproteins. Http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plants/cellwall.html

Chloroplast Site of photosynthesis Membrane bound structure. Contains chlorophyll http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plants/chloroplast.html

Chloroplast Www.ultranet.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/C/Chloroplasts.html

Vacuole Plants have large central vacuoles that store water and nutrients needed by the cell. Help support the shape of the cell. Http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plants/vacuole.html

Animal Vacuole Www.puc.edu/Faculty/Bryan_Ness/vacuole_TEM.htm

Plant Cell Vacuole Www.bio.mtu.edu/campbell/plant.htm

Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell Http://:micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/html