Ancient Indian and China 2600 B.C.E. – C.E. 550 Strong Rulers Unite China You will 3-L CLOZE notes 1 Reminder: Non-European, therefore B.C. or A.D. not used. B.C.E. = B.C. C.E. = A.D.

Objectives Understand how Shi Huangdi unified China and established a Legalist government Learn how Han rulers strengthened the economy and government of China Outline why the Han period is considered a Golden Age of Chinese civilization Find out why many Chinese people accepted Buddhists ideas 2

Legalism Legalism, a philosophy founded by Hanfeizi (died 233 B.C.E.). “The nature of man is evil. His goodness is acquired.” “Greed was the motive for most actions and the cause of most conflicts” (Ellis 101). 3

Legalism Legalism, a philosophy founded by Hanfeizi (died 233 B.C.E.). “The only way to achieve order was to pass strict laws and impose harsh punishments” (Ellis 101). “Strength, not goodness, was a ruler’s greatest virtue” (102). Feudal rulers felt it was best way to maintain order. 4

Objective One Understand how Shi Huangdi unified China and established a Legalist government 5

Shi Huangdi and the Qin Dynasty Ended the divisions of the Zhou Dynasty in his efforts to unite China – took him 20 years 6

Shi Huangdi and the Qin Dynasty Ended the divisions of the Zhou Dynasty in his efforts to unite China – took him 20 years Established the Qin dynasty 7

Shi Huangdi and the Qin Dynasty Ended the divisions of the Zhou Dynasty in his efforts to unite China – took him 20 years Established the Qin dynasty Used brutal methods of conquering “An ancient Chinese poet and historian described how he crushed his rivals, ‘Cracking his long whip, he drove the universe before him, swallowing up the eastern and western Zhou and overthrowing feudal lords’ ” (Ellis 101). 8

Shi Huangdi and the Qin Dynasty Legalism became official policy of Qin government. Killed, tortured, enslaved dissenters --especially feudal nobles and Confucian scholars. Ordered all writings, except those on medicine & agriculture, burned. Legalist practices hated, yet continued for generations in the forced labor (government projects, punishment) 9

Shi Huangdi and the Qin Dynasty Abolished feudalism, believed power should be in hands of ruler not local lords Replaced feudal states with military districts Forced noble families to live in capital where he could watch them Gave nobles’ land to peasants, but at same time peasants had to pay high taxes  army, building projects 10

Shi Huangdi and the Qin Dynasty Tomb of Shi Huangdi Click here to access a youtube video on the Terracotta Army (4:10) – there will be questions 11

In 1974, who stumbled upon the site of the Terracotta Army? 12 Archaeologists C. Soldiers B. Farmers D. Teenagers

What do they believe was the purpose of the Terracotta Army? To witness the crowning of the Qin emperor To stand guard over the Great Wall To act as decoys for the real army To escort the Qin emperor into eternity 13

14 Before he was First Emperor (Shi Huangdi) he was king. How old was he when he took the Qin throne? 43 33 13 23

The Qin Shi Huangdi promoted unity by doing all of the following EXCEPT standardized weights & measures; coins Attacked the Mongols Repaired roads & canals to improve transportation system Made writing uniform 15

This is the number of statues in the Terracotta army. 70,000 7,000 700 70 16

True or ? The terracotta statues were only soldiers. 17 False

The Terracotta Army faces ___ as if to watch over the lands of the Qin Shi Huangdi’s defeated enemies. 18 http://blog.t2world.com/uploaded_images/xian-terracotta-army-727905.jpg North South East West

Shi Huangdi and the Qin Dynasty The Great Wall of China 19

20 The Great Wall of China 9:06

Started in 221 B.C.E., the Great Wall was still being built in ___ 1942 1492 492 942 21

True The Great Wall is made up of one long wall. 22 or False?

China is named after ____. Its dishes The silt of the Yellow River Its first emperor The Great Wall 23

24 The Qin Great Wall is made of Stone Cement Logs Earth

The Qin Great Wall is called the “longest ______ in the world”. wall cemetery fortress Tourist attraction 25

Which statement about the Qin Great Wall is an opinion? It was too costly too make. It was 4,000 miles long. It took 12 years to build. It took 3 ½ million people to construct it. 26

27 What emotion caused the Qin emperor to build the Great Wall? Pride Anger Fear Happiness

The Great Wall was considered a barrier between China and Russia The civilized world and the barbarians China and Korea The Silk Road and the Middle East 28 http://www.planetware.com/i/photo/great-wall-chn1152.jpg

29 Which dynasty restored the Qin Great Wall and then extended it another 2,700 miles? The Han The Qin The Zhou The Shang

30 The Han Great Wall kept invaders out and protected The Khyber Pass Mt. Everest The Silk Road The Gobi Desert http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/places/images/ga/china_great-wall-jinshanling.jpg

As a result of the Silk Road, China’s economy Remained the same Decreased Increased 31

What belief system is the dominant one in China today? A. Confucianism C. Legalism B. Daoism D. Buddhism 32

What Mongol leader was not stopped by the Great Wall? 33 Shi Huangdi Siddhartha Gautama Laozi Genghis Khan

After the Mongols were overthrown the Ming Dynasty used ____ to restore the northern section of the Great Wall. 34 http://www.ckchina.ca/wp/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/great-wall-map.jpg Earth Stone Logs Cement

Objective Two Learn how Han rulers strengthened the economy and government of China 35

China The Qin and Han Dynasties (2:18) 36

Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E. – C.E. 220) Liu Bang, an illiterate peasant leader, defeats Qin armies in 202 B.C.E.: Eventually called Gao Zu, he founds the Han Dynasty in 206 B.C.E. 37

Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E. – C.E. 220) Liu Bang, an illiterate peasant leader, defeats Qin armies in 202 B.C.E.: Eventually called Gao Zu, he founds the Han Dynasty in 206 B.C.E. Lowers taxes Eliminates Legalism , restores Confucian ideas via Confucian scholars as advisors 38

Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E. – C.E. 220) Liu Bang, an illiterate peasant leader, defeats Qin armies in 202 B.C.E.: Eventually called Gao Zu, he founds the Han Dynasty in 206 B.C.E. His policies created a base so strong the Han dynasty lasts until C.E. 220 39

Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E. – C.E. 220) Emperor Wudi ruled from 141 B.C.E. to 87 B.C.E. Strengthened the government and economy Chose Confucian “men of wisdom and virtue: (Ellis 103) as officials. Set up imperial university to train scholars 40

Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E. – C.E. 220) Emperor Wudi ruled from 141 B.C.E. to 87 B.C.E. Policies for economic growth Improved canals and roads Set granaries up across empire  government bought grain when abundant  sold it when scarce Reorganized finances Created government monopoly on iron & salt  sold it for income other than taxing peasants 41

Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E. – C.E. 220) Emperor Wudi ruled from 141 B.C.E. to 87 B.C.E. Policies for economic growth Policy of expansionism – expanding country’s territory 42

Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E. – C.E. 220) Emperor Wudi ruled from 141 B.C.E. to 87 B.C.E. Policies for economic growth: Policy of expansionism – expanding country’s territory Drove nomads beyond Great Wall Army outposts in Manchuria, Korea, northern Vietnam, Tibet & Central Asia Soldiers, traders  cultural diffusion 43

Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E. – C.E. 220) Emperor Wudi ruled from 141 B.C.E. to 87 B.C.E. The Silk Road – trade network linking China and the West – 4,000 miles From China to west: Silk To China from west: western Asia -- Grapes, figs, cucumbers, walnuts Central Asia – furs India – muslin Rome - glass 44

Ancient Trade on the Silk Road (7:05) 45

Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E. – C.E. 220) Emperor Wudi ruled from 141 B.C.E. to 87 B.C.E. Scholar-Officials Confucianism became official belief system of state Well-educated scholars ran bureaucracy 46

Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E. – C.E. 220) Emperor Wudi ruled from 141 B.C.E. to 87 B.C.E. Scholar-Officials Civil-Service System Win positions through merit (character or conduct deserving reward, honor, or esteem ) instead of who your family knew Civil service exams set up in 580s by Sui dynasty; Confucian ideal of male superiority kept women from taking test This system of government lasts until 1912 47

Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E. – C.E. 220) Emperor Wudi ruled from 141 B.C.E. to 87 B.C.E. Decline Weak rulers; warlords more powerful Infrastructure in disrepair Overburdened by taxes peasants rebelled C.E. 220 – warlords overthrew emperor  many kingdoms created by warlords and invaders who breached the Great wall 48

Objective Three Outline why the Han period is considered a golden Age of Chinese civilization 49

Han Golden Age Science texts on Chemistry, Zoology, Botany and Other subjects Astronomers measured movements of stars and planets  more accurate calendar Invented a seismograph 50

Han Golden Age Science One scientist disputed belief that comets & eclipses were caused by Heaven’s anger of poor political leadership – scientific theories require proof! Physicians found medicines & developed acupuncture 51

Han Golden Age Science Technology and Engineering Most technologically advanced civilization at the time. Invented method of making paper out of wood pulp that is still used today. 52

Han Golden Age Science Technology and Engineering Advanced shipbuilding; rudder for steering Inventions: Bronze & iron stirrups, fishing reels, wheelbarrows, suspension bridges Ideas sssslllllooooowwwwlllyyy moved west – hundreds of years before they reached Europe 53

Han Golden Age Science Technology and Engineering The Arts Beautiful architecture – wooden buildings didn’t last, references & descriptions found in literature 54

Han Golden Age Science Technology and Engineering The Arts Beautiful architecture Delicate jade & ivory carvings, fine ceramic pieces 55

56 http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=259&catid=7&subcatid=40 Jade burial suit of Liu Sheng 113 BCE The greatest expressions of the quest for immortality were the jade suits that appeared around the 2nd century B.C. About 40 of these jade suits have been unearthed. The jade suit of the 2nd century B.C. Prince Liu Sheng unearthed near Chengdu, Sichuan province was made of 2,498 jade plates sewn together with silk and gold wire. Liu Shen was buried with his consort who was equally well clad in a jade suit. Sufficient room was made for the prince's pot belly.

Han Golden Age Science Technology and Engineering The Arts Bronze & silk workers made improvements, set high standards Lessons for Women (C.E. 100) – proper behavior for men/women; equal education for boys & girls; women should be obedient, respectful, submissive 57

Objective Four Find out why many Chinese people accepted Buddhists ideas 58

Buddhism (3:01) 59

Buddhism in China Became very popular because of the promise of escape from suffering. Absorbed Confucian and Doaist traditions Stressed filial piety and honored Confucius as a person who had achieved enlightenment. By C.E. 400, it spread throughout China New religion was generally tolerated

Work Cited Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor, and Anthony Esler. World History. New York. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007. China: From Past to Present: Geography, Traditional Religions, and Beliefs. Ancient Lights. 2004. Discovery Education. 16 November 2009 .<http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/> China: From Past to Present: The Silk Road, the Great Wall, and Changes in Government. Ancient Lights. 2004. Discovery Education. 16 November 2009. http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/ History through Literature: Empires of Heaven and Earth: The World in Roman Times. CLEARVUE & SVE. 1998. Discovery Education. 16 November 2009. <http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/> "Shihuangdi." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 17 Nov. 2009 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/540412/Shihuangdi>. World History: Pre-History. Discovery Education. 2004. Discovery Education. 16 November 2009 <http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/> 61