GSI3D was originally developed by INSIGHT (Koeln) in conjunction with the Lower Saxony Geological Survey, since 2002 in conjuntion with the BGS

Elements are the locations where quantities are calculated Linking element sets maps the spatial representation on one model to the representation in the other model Data operations handle unit conversions, spatial and temporal aggregation and disaggregation

We are looking forward to extend the cooperation on OneGeology into the 3rd and 4th dimension…. NOTE: the map shown here is IGME 5Mio, compiled by Kristine Asch BGR

Building on Geological Models a vision for an Open Environmental Modelling Platform Holger Kessler on behalf of the BGS team TNO/Deltares Lunchtime Lecture Utrecht, 17th June 2009

Geological Survey Evolution National Survey to support industry and the economy – since 1835 Systematic map coverage (at 50K scale) achieved - by 1990 Conversion of data and processes from analogue to digital -1990s From maps to models - since 2000 Simulation and prediction of earth processes - 2010+

The Strategy …to develop a data architecture and applications environment that supports the generation of spatial and process models. …for example in developing worldwide geoscience data and mark-up languages and exchange formats, will be taken forward to incorporate methodologies and best practice for development and use of subsurface models… BGS Strategy 2009-2014

From maps… …to forecasts

Aims of project Demonstrate NERC leadership; Build community engagement; Articulate the vision and objectives of the open environmental modelling platform; Identify any existing parallel initiatives developing around the world and seek to engage with them; Identify appropriate international standards under which the platform should develop; Recommend leadership framework under which the development would be steered; and Identify components that need accelerated development to create a ‘critical mass’ that others can build upon.

Government departments Environment Agency Local Authorities Water Companies Planners and developers Insurance industry The public NERC: Changing Water Cycle, Earth System Science, Living with Environmental Change Stakeholders for this platform

Our footprint in Earth System Science Triangle from: Martin Ruzek, Science Education Resource Center

…and their key science questions… The ability of to provide clean and affordable drinking water and water for industrial use from sea, ground and surface water Managing the risks of flooding from the sea, the river, the sky and the ground. The safe disposal, containment and potential re-use of human waste Prediction of ground conditions for major infrastructure projects (transport, housing, utilities) The prediction of ground conditions and resulting hazards and risks to aid planning and decision making often in the context of environmental change

Audit of model codes within BGS and NERC Comprehensive model review of numerical model codes in use in BGS and NERC has been completed The external response was very positive and includes: BAS, CEH, POL, National Centre for Atmospheric Science, National Centre for Earth Observation, National Oceanography Centre, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Scottish Association for Marine Science

Community building Visits and Video/ teleconferences undertaken so far: CEH Wallingford TNO & Deltares Vic Loudon – Edinburgh Hans-Georg Sobisch - Koeln Keith Turner – University of Colorado Frank D’Agnese – Earth Knowledge Outcomes: TNO & Deltares established as leaders in the field amongst sister geological surveys, Letter of Cooperation in preperation Visions of Vic (Cybergeology) and Hans-Georg (Subsurface Management System) captured Links established to the US Issues: CEH Wallingford – initial links established with water scientists Environment Agency links – well established, but need focus for promoting DAEM concept

Community building “US tour” Mary Hill, USGS CSDMS people at Boulder CHUASI/CHYMP - Hydrologic Information System (HIS) US Army Corps of Engineers - Jon Fenske USDA - Olaf David Outstanding tasks SEEGRID/ CSRIO One Geology Visit by Bruce Gill (Victoria Geological Survey) Visits and Video/ teleconferences to be done

Communications Internal Workshop Conference/talks Deltares lunchtime talk Digital Mapping Technologies ‘09 Conference Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Conference International Association of Mathematical Geologists (IAMG’09) Geological Society of America Annual Conference (October) Publications AGU abstract GeolSoc special pub abstract Wiki http://daem.wikidot.com/

Not only Geologists are going 3D … 3D Cities (Virtual-berlin.de) 3D Maps (Google Earth) Virtual Societies (Second Life) One Geology (OneGeology)

… but everyone is! 3D Kitchens 3D in medicine 3D Engineering

The BGS systems in summary

3D Modelling methodology Modelling captures the Geologist’s visions, concepts and understanding of underlying geological processes and forms through drawing cross-sections and distribution maps of the geology

From 2D to 3D

High resolution geological framework models across England and Wales around 50% have been built under commission of the Environment Agency

Geological Column 2400 km2 Geological Model of Greater London

Communications Internal Workshop Conference/talks Deltares lunchtime talk Digital Mapping Technologies ‘09 Conference Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Conference International Association of Mathematical Geologists (IAMG’09) Geological Society of America Annual Conference (October) Publications AGU abstract GeolSoc special pub abstract Wiki http://daem.wikidot.com/

Challenge 1 Acquire, interpret and enhance the UK geoscience knowledge base - accessible and interoperable

Challenge 4 Apply a whole systems approach to our science and improve understanding of the nature and potential impact of hazards and the sustainable use of resources

Challenge 5 Understand quantify and predict the response of the Earth’s “zone of human interaction” to future environmental change

3D geological modelling – what is it Geological modelling captures the Geologist’s visions, concepts and understanding of underlying geological processes A geological model synthesises all available data and knowledge for a given area in 3 dimensions to produce a consistent national geological lithostratigraphic framework Just like its predecessor the 2D geological map geological models need to be parameterised to make them useful and delivered in a suitable medium to make them usable.

The 3D Geological Map

and 3D PDFs

Integrating urban infrastructure Industrial park in North-West England Understand relationship between subsurface infrastructure (drain pipes) and geology commissioned by the Environment Agency to help them protect the groundwater

Geological framework models are populated with properties to display internal variation and their certainties Examples showing a discretised 3D voxel grid of geophysical properties in a landslide and the mineral potential of the a Sand and Gravel resource (in collaboration with TNO/Deltares) Property Modelling

Monitoring of environmental processes Monitoring coastal erosion in Happisburgh Norfolk Retreat of cliff line is monitored with laser scanning and can be visualised in 4D

Water Cycle Example

A Good Model Realistic geological framework Full hydrological cycle Considers ecology Ability to vary inputs Real time operation Links to other models Communicates clearly Engages the end users Photograph Courtesy of Jennifer Cunningham, BGS Groundwater Festival, Hill End Farm, Oxfordshire in 2005

Process modelling 4D simulation of contaminants (DNAPL) on an industrial site 50 m

The seedcorn of integrated Geological/Groundwater models

The National Groundwater Modelling System In operation at the Environment Agency of England and Wales Developed and maintained by Deltares building on Delft-FEWS technology Contains all groundwater models and allows to run and “what if” scenarios Presents results in map and graphs

What the Environmental Modelling Platform will be: Producing geoscientifically based “what if scenarios” and putting these into context in a subsurface information system Open source and Object-oriented Based on existing technology and data exchange standards…develop limited new applications as appropriate OpenMI compliant and exploits distributed computing Web-based delivery of data, models and visualisations Linking to models and data outside the natural environment Facilitating a network of model builders and users

Multiple Models are Required

Bottom up design leads to lack of interconnectivity and interoperability BGS Image P95684

Drivers – INSPIRE & SEIS http://ec.europa.eu/environment/seis/

SOME INITIAL REQUIREMENTS

Scale from pore to catchment and beyond Microsoft clipart image

Intrusion

Must be underpinned by high quality, freely available data in appropriate formats. BGS Photograph 640479: Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn Street, London – about 1900 Data

Standards Agreed Implemented Enforced Photo courtesy Corp. S. Blancflower, Royal Engineers

Uncertainty Images courtesy of Diarmad Campbell

Uncertainty Both the uncertainty of individual models And the combined uncertainty of multiple models Image courtesy of Gary Wealthall

Semantic Meaning Knowledge + Problem Solutions

Transdisciplinary Science Transdisciplinary Science Reductionism Restoring the balance

Culture Change Image by Becky Taylor and Jeremy Giles

Requirements System needs to be truly OPEN Acknowledge the sources of the data Predictive, parameterised models Communicate to customers/users Understand anthropogenic factors Dynamic/updateable - “Future proof” Simple, clear, affordable licensing

Requirements A “system” to encourage and facilitate the flexible integration of diverse spatial and temporal data, models and processes to provide whole-earth simulations and responses to “what if” scenarios. A “mixing desk” for modelling Microsoft clipart image

Scoping study outcome

Products – A Report A Scoping Study Where are we Where do we want to be How will we get there? What will it cost Microsoft clipart image

Products – Envisage a Clear Outcome Habit 2: Begin with the End in Mind Stephen Covey Author of “Seven Habits Of Highly Effective People”

Products – a Community BGS as part of a community BGS as a leading member of that community Microsoft clipart image

Community Building BGS Community NERC Community Academic Community Policy/Regs Community International Community Time and Resource Dependent

Product - Model Inventory BGS Image: P681633

Don’t Reinvent the Wheel NERC Other GSOs Oil industry Bioinformatics Medical informatics Others Image courtesy Stan Wagon, Macalester College, Minnesota, USA

Don’t Reinvent the Wheel www.openmi.org

Linking element sets Groundwater Model River Model Elements are the locations where quantities are calculated Slide supplied by Roger Moore, CEH

www.onegeology.org

TEST BEDS IN THE UK

Thames Basin Integrated project observatories, spatial data, information systems, process modelling Slide supplied by Jon Ford, BGS

Strategically Important Formations for Secure and Sustainable Resources Permo-Trias Aquifers spatial data and information systems, property characterisation, process models. Slide supplied by Tony Milodowski, BGS

Solving the IT is not the hard bit! IT issues Science issues Cultural issues

Deliverables Scoping study report Audit of model codes used within BGS and NERC Community building and external benchmarking Plan for next 5 FYs, i.e. 10/11 to 14/15

Scoping study report Project team assembled: Jerry Giles, Holger Kessler, Gary Baker, Andrew Hughes, Marcus Sen, Patrick Bell, Carl Watson, Garry Wealthall, Bruce Napier, Andrew Barkwith Outline and some text has been written – Project Board approval before finalising Populate outline and produce draft by the end of November

Report so far: Table of contents Executive Summary Introduction Science Case for DAEM Challenges Solutions What will the project deliver? Implementation plan Appendices: Appendix 1: Project Brief Appendix 2: Concept Note Appendix 3: Project Initiation Document (PID) Appendix 4: SWOT Appendix 5: Communication Plan Appendix 6: Glossary of Terms Appendix 7: Abbreviations Appendix 8: Workshop Summary Appendix 9: Lessons learned from previous projects Appendix 10: Visit reports Appendix 11: Consultees Appendix 12: Description of OpenMI Appendix 13: Model inventory (process and spatial) Appendix 14: Historical Context within BGS

Bonus – OpenMI involvement OpenMI is a standard for linking models and databases and has been funded by EU projects. CEH have made decision to not continue with the development of OpenMI. The OpenMI association have lobbied the EC to include a call within the next FP7 round of bidding. BGS have been approached after DAEM workshop and asked to participate in upcoming FP7 call. Leading to inclusion in an FP7 bid and possibly further involvement with the OpenMI association.

The emerging tasks Data supply and interoperability Process models and their linkage Communication of model results to scientific peers and a non-technical audience Computational infrastructure Continue to build and engage the community: BGS (test beds and other projects) UK collaborations International collaborations

Contributions Prof. Denis Peach Dr. Andrew Howard Dr. Richard Hughes Roger Moore Andrew Kingdon Andrew McKenzie Jon Ford Dr. David Kerridge David Entwhistle Tony Milodowski Andrew Tye www.bgs.ac.uk/science/3dmodelling/lithoframe1mvis.html

Next steps – before the end of this FY Finalise model code audit – get outstanding responses. Continue community building – undertake planned conference attendance and US visits. Strengthen strategic links with the EA Produce draft of scoping study and circulate for comment. Plan work for next FY and beyond and build into business planning process.

BIG Challenges Data and IPR Cultural change Inclusion of key stakeholders – e.g. EA Money – who funds the development? Access to the right decision-makers Technical issues: Uncertainty – how to deal with in data and models Providing model results in the right form for decision makers - visualisation Distributed computing – how to exploit appropriately

Questions Landscapes by Ben Peach (1842 – 1926) BGS Geologist From the BGS Archives

Thank you all for listening!