The Ottoman Empire: You will need 10-L CLOZE Notes

OBJECTIVES Analyze how the Ottoman empire expanded Describe the characteristics of the Ottoman culture

Objective One Analyze how the Ottoman empire expanded

I. Expanding the Ottoman Empire Turkish-speaking nomads who migrated from Central Asia to Anatolian Peninsula (NW Asia Minor)

I. Expanding the Ottoman Empire Turkish-speaking nomads who migrated from Central Asia to Anatolian Peninsula 1300s 1400s: Anatolian Peninsula into Balkan Peninsula

I. Expanding the Ottoman Empire Turkish-speaking nomads who migrated from Central Asia to Anatolian Peninsula 1300s 1400s: Anatolian Peninsula into Balkan Peninsula Europeans watch nervously as the Muslims gain a foothold in eastern Europe

http://www.cee-portal.at/Bilderordner/Maps/Aufstieg-des-Osmanischen-Re.jpg

http://www.public.iastate.edu/~cfford/342worldhistoryearly.html Europe 1400

I. Expanding the Ottoman Empire 1453: Constantinople falls to the Ottomans Ottomans carry ships overland; put them in harbor

I. Expanding the Ottoman Empire 1453: Constantinople falls to the Ottomans Cannons destroy the walls Begins the Age of Gunpowder Empires

I. Expanding the Ottoman Empire 1453: Constantinople falls to the Ottomans Rename Constantinople Istanbul

I. Expanding the Ottoman Empire 1453: Constantinople falls to the Ottomans A major turning point Marked the end of the Byzantine Empire and the Roman tradition Signaled the end of the Middle Ages

I. Expanding the Ottoman Empire 1453: Constantinople falls to the Ottomans 5. Europe reacts Even more nervous about the proximity of the Muslims

http://www.learn.columbia.edu/medmil/pages/non-mma-pages/maps/penguinpg85.html

I. Expanding the Ottoman Empire 1453: Constantinople falls to the Ottomans 5. Europe reacts Unhappy about the disruption of the established trade routes now that the Muslims control the eastern portion

http://www.learn.columbia.edu/medmil/pages/non-mma-pages/maps/penguinpg85.html

I. Expanding the Ottoman Empire 1453: Constantinople falls to the Ottomans 5. Europe reacts Need for other ways to reach the east sparked the European Age of Discovery (Age of Exploration)

I. Expanding the Ottoman Empire 1453: Constantinople falls to the Ottomans Next 200 years continue to expand empire

II. Golden Age of the Ottoman Empire Reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566) –another major turning point because under his control the Ottoman Empire became a major world power.

Suleiman the Magnificent Leader 6:13

II. Golden Age of the Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566) Ottomans called him “Lawgiver”; Europeans called him the Magnificent Modernized army

II. Golden Age of the Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566) Expanded Ottoman Empire to its largest size through warfare and diplomacy 1529: his attack on Vienna in Austria sent shockwaves of fear throughout Europe most powerful empire in Europe and Middle East for centuries

http://www.dartmouth.edu/~gov46/ottoman-empire-1580.gif

II. Golden Age of the Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566) Expanded Ottoman Empire to its largest size through warfare and diplomacy Claimed to be heir to Abbasid dynasty and caliph of all Muslims

II. Golden Age of the Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566) Strengthened government Improved justice system Ruled with absolute power and help from grand vizier and council

II. Golden Age of the Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566) Bureaucracy ran government Military kept peace law based on Sharia and royal proclamations Government officials and religious scholars interpreted the law

Objective Two Describe the characteristics of the Ottoman culture

III. Ottoman Culture Social organization: 4 distinct classes 1. men of the pen = scientists, lawyers, judges 2. men of the sword = soldiers 3. men of negotiation = businessmen 4. men of husbandry = farmers

III. Ottoman Culture B. All religions were welcomed by the Ottoman Turks. Top two classes - almost all Muslims

III. Ottoman Culture C. People lived in millets-religious communities Muslims, Greeks, Christians, Armenian Christians and Jews expelled from Spain in 1492 during the Reconquista

III. Ottoman Culture C. People lived in millets--religious communities 5. Jews expelled from Spain in 1492 during the Reconquista brought international banking connections

III. Ottoman Culture C. People lived in millets-religious communities 5. Jews expelled from Spain in 1492 during the Reconquista b. New technology for making cloth whose profits helped finance the expansion of the Ottoman empire

III. Ottoman Culture D. Ottoman Army “Recruited” officers from conquered people “Tax” on Christians in form of young sons for government service converted to Islam

III. Ottoman Culture D. Ottoman Army “Recruited” officers from conquered people “Tax” on Christians in form of young sons for government service b. attended rigorous military training at palace school

III. Ottoman Culture D. Ottoman Army “Recruited” officers from conquered people “Tax” on Christians in form of young sons for government service c. Best became Janizaries -- an elite force in Ottoman army

III. Ottoman Culture D. Ottoman Army “Recruited” officers from conquered people “Tax” on Christians in form of young sons for government service d. Brightest received special education and became government officials

III. Ottoman Culture Non-Muslim girls from eastern Europe Became slaves in wealthy Muslim household Some eventually accepted as member of family Some freed after master’s death

III. Ottoman Culture F. Art and Literature Art blossomed Poets model their work after Persian and Arab poets Artists were influenced by Persian artistic styles

III. Ottoman Culture F. Art and Literature 4. Sinan, a janizary military engineer built mosques and palaces a. Selimiye Mosque at Edirne –it’s dome was greater in diameter and higher than the Hagia Sophia

http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/8896911.jpg

Click here for comparison between Hagia Sophia and Selimiye Mosque http://www.barber.org.uk/coins/coinimgs/hagia-sophia.jpg

IV. Ottoman Decline A. 1566 - Slow decline after Suleiman 1. Suleiman suspected two sons of treason – had them killed 2. remaining son left government to ministers, bureaucracy became corrupt Click here for interactive map of Ottoman Empire

IV. Ottoman Decline B. 1700’s –European advances in commerce & military technology left Ottomans behind. C. Russia & other European countries captured lands. D. Many local rulers (especially in No Africa) break away. Click here for interactive map of rise and fall of Ottoman Empire

Works Cited Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor and Anthony Esler. World History. Pearson Prentice Hall: Boston, 2007. Sansal, Burak. "The Ottoman Empire." All About Turkey. 2010. Web. 24 Mar. 2010.