1 The Emergence of Japan and the Feudal Age Use with 12-K CLOZE notes The Spread of Civilization in East and Southeast Asia (500-1650)

2 Objectives Explain how geography set Japan apart Understand how China influenced Japan, Identify how Zen Buddhism shaped culture in Japan Describe the Heian period Summarize the Japanese feudal system Explain how the Tokugawa’s united Japan

3 Feudal Japan (01:44)

4 Objective One Explain how geography set Japan apart

5 Japan is an archipelago, or chain of islands. Four main islands: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu Japan’s Geography Sets It Apart

6 Japan’s Geography Sets It Apart It is about the size of Montana

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8 Japan’s Geography Sets It Apart Four-Fifths of land too mountainous to farm Volcanic rock – lack iron and coal population – narrow river valleys & coastal plains

9 http://tasmania.globat.com/~archibase.net/dl/articles/japan/16.jpg

10 Japan’s Geography Sets It Apart Four-Fifths of land too mountainous to farm Climate –mild with sufficient rainfall Japanese farmers very productive with its small portion of arable land or “suitable for growing crops” (encarta.com)

11 Japan’s Geography Sets It Apart Four-Fifths of land too mountainous to farm The Seas – protect and isolate Mainland Asia –close enough to learn from, yet far enough not to be conquered

12 Japan’s Geography Sets It Apart Four-Fifths of land too mountainous to farm The Seas – protect and isolate Mainland Asia – Freedom to accept or reject Chinese influences, hence could preserve their own culture

13 Japan’s Geography Sets It Apart Four-Fifths of land too mountainous to farm The Seas – protect and isolate Trade routes – especially the Inland Sea

14 Japan’s Geography Sets It Apart Four-Fifths of land too mountainous to farm The Seas – protect and isolate Trade routes Food resources

15 Japan’s Geography Sets It Apart Four-Fifths of land too mountainous to farm The Seas – protect and isolate Trade routes Food resources Fishing industry

16 Japan’s Geography Sets It Apart The Seas – protect and isolate Nature – Fear it, respect it Ring of Fire

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18 Japan’s Geography Sets It Apart The Seas – protect and isolate Nature – Fear it, respect it Ring of Fire Volcanoes Earthquakes tsunamis

19 Tsunami- Prone Locations (2 min 15 sec)

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22 Japan’s Geography Sets It Apart The Seas – protect and isolate Nature – Fear it, respect it Shinto – worship of the forces of nature “honor the kami, or superior powers that were natural or divine” (Ellis 389).

23 Japan’s Geography Sets It Apart The Seas – protect and isolate Nature – Fear it, respect it Shinto – worship of the forces of nature Did not become global religion Traditions still present in modern Japan

24 Japan’s Geography Sets It Apart The Seas – protect and isolate Nature – Fear it, respect it  Shintoism Shinto – worship of the forces of nature Shrines – dedicated to special sites or objects

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28 Japan’s Geography Sets It Apart Japan & Korea have almost constant contact. Japanese Language – similar to Korean, nothing like Chinese Korean artisans & metalworkers  to Japan permanently

29 Japan’s Geography Sets It Apart Japan & Korea have almost constant contact. Armies of Japan & Korea – use seas to go back and forth to attack each other Japanese nobles have Korean ancestors

30 Japan’s Geography Sets It Apart Japan & Korea have almost constant contact. Buddhist missionaries – Korea  Japan Also brought Chinese writing & culture which interested Japan at times

31 Objective Two Understand how China influenced Japan,

32 China’s Influence on Japan 600s – Yamato clan leader ruler wanted to learn directly, not through Korea nobles (eventually students, monks, traders, officials) to China to study  200 years

33 China’s Influence on Japan 600s – Yamato clan leader ruler… Adopted Chinese governmental ideas “Heavenly Emperor” Absolute power

34 China’s Influence on Japan A. 600s – Yamato clan leader ruler… Adopted Chinese governmental ideas 710– new capital built in Chinese style Spoke Chinese, dressed like Chinese, ate Chinese food, used Chinese pottery

35 China’s Influence on Japan A. 600s – Yamato clan leader ruler… Adopted Chinese governmental ideas 710– new capital built in Chinese style Tea drinking & ceremonies Official histories were written using Chinese characters Tang music, dance & garden design were popular

36 China’s Influence on Japan A. 600s – Yamato clan leader ruler… Adopted Chinese governmental ideas 710– new capital built in Chinese style Buddhism Pagoda style architecture

37 China’s Influence on Japan A. 600s – Yamato clan leader ruler… Adopted Chinese governmental ideas 710– new capital built in Chinese style Buddhism Monasteries grew rich & powerful

38 China’s Influence on Japan A. 600s – Yamato clan leader ruler… Adopted Chinese governmental ideas 710– new capital built in Chinese style Buddhism Confucian ideas Filial piety

39 China’s Influence on Japan A. 600s – Yamato clan leader ruler… Adopted Chinese governmental ideas 710– new capital built in Chinese style Buddhism Confucian ideas Five key relationships Respect for learning

40 China’s Influence on Japan A. 600s – Yamato clan leader ruler… Adopted Chinese governmental ideas 710– new capital built in Chinese style Buddhism Confucian ideas Respect for learning

41 China’s Influence on Japan 800s –Selective Borrowing Took 400 years to decide what to keep from China, what to get rid of, and what to adapt and use. Chinese system of writing was revised & Kana, or phonetic symbols, were added

42 Objective Three Identify how Zen Buddhism shaped culture in Japan

43 Zen Buddhism and Its Impact on Japanese Culture Zen Buddhism  Japan from China Emphasized self-reliance, meditation, devotion to duty

44 Zen Buddhism and Its Impact on Japanese Culture Zen Buddhism  Japan from China Seems to be a mess of contradictions “Great scholars yet valued an uncluttered mind & stresses the importance of reaching a moment of non-knowing” (Ellis 394).

45 Zen Buddhism and Its Impact on Japanese Culture Zen Buddhism  Japan from China Seems to be a mess of contradictions Stressed compassion, yet samurais killed

46 Zen Buddhism and Its Impact on Japanese Culture Zen Buddhism  Japan from China Seems to be a mess of contradictions Monks wanted to experience absolute freedom, yet in the monasteries there were strict rules that had to be obeyed

47 Zen Buddhism and Its Impact on Japanese Culture Zen Buddhism  Japan from China Seems to be a mess of contradictions “Seek enlightenment through meditation & the precise performance of everyday tasks” (Ellis 395).

48 Objective Four Describe the Heian period

49 The Heian Period 794 – 1185: Blending of Japanese & Chinese cultures Capital moved to Heian

50 The Heian Period 794 – 1185: Blending of cultures Capital moved to Heian “Emperors performed traditional religious ceremonies” (Ellis 390) but power held by wealthy noble families

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52 The Heian Period Women Shape the Court Elegance and sophistication ruled “fairy-tale atmosphere" (Ellis 390) – pavilions, gardens, lotus pools

53 The Heian Period Women Shape the Court Rules of etiquette Dressed in delicate, multilayered silks

54 The Heian Period Women Shape the Court Forbidden to learn Chinese, but “managed to produce the most important works of Japanese literature of this period” (Ellis 390) Lady Murasaki Shikibu – Tales of Genji – world’s 1st full-length novel

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56 The Heian Period Women Shape the Court Poems & Romances – themes Sense of Sadness Love does not last Beauty of world soon gone

57 Objective Five Summarize the Japanese feudal system

Definitions Feudalism: decentralized system of government in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military service and other support to a greater lord The Japanese Feudal System 58

Definitions Social hierarchy: society is divided into a system of ranking groups The Japanese Feudal System 59

Definitions Stratification: the process of forming castes, classes, or other groups based on status, or be formed into such groups – cannot be easily changed if at all The Japanese Feudal System 60

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62 The Japanese Feudal System The Emperor Top of society, held no true power, a figurehead

63 The Japanese Feudal System The shogun supreme military commander held all the power

64 The Japanese Feudal System The shogun Shoguns would rule Japan for 700 years under three military dynasties called Shogunates.

65 The Japanese Feudal System Daimyo 1. Lesser lords under the shogun

66 The Japanese Samurai

67 Samurai Swords and Armor (02:17)

68 The Japanese Feudal System samurai (those who serve) the warriors

69 The Japanese Feudal System samurai (those who serve) Bushido The samurai code of honor Emphasized honor, bravery, & absolute loyalty to one’s lord Click here for more information

70 Guns End the Samurai Era (01:25)

71 The Japanese Feudal System Emperor – held highest rank in Society but had no political power Daimyo – Large landowners Artisans –made swords & armor For the samurai class Shogun– Actual ruler Samurai – warriors loyal to daimyo Peasants – 3/4ths of the population (Ellis 395) Merchants – Lowest status but Gradually gained influence

Noblewomen Lose Ground In the beginning – “some trained in military arts & supervised their family’s estates” (Ellis 391). 72 The Japanese Feudal System

Noblewomen Lose Ground As time passed – Inheritance limited to sons Unlike in Europe: not on pedestal 73 The Japanese Feudal System

Noblewomen Lose Ground As time passed – Inheritance limited to sons Unlike in Europe: Warrior’s wife had” accept the same hardships as her husband & owed the same loyalty to his overlord” (Ellis 391). 74 The Japanese Feudal System

75 The Japanese Feudal System Peasants, Artisans, & Merchants Peasants 75% of population Backbone of society

76 The Japanese Feudal System Peasants, Artisans, & Merchants Peasants Cultivated rice, other crops on samurai’s estates Some were foot soldiers Rarely, could rise through ranks  samurai

77 The Japanese Feudal System Peasants, Artisans, & Merchants Peasants Rarely, could rise through ranks  samurai

78 The Japanese Feudal System Peasants, Artisans, & Merchants Artisans Armorers, sword-makers

79 The Japanese Feudal System Peasants, Artisans, & Merchants Merchants Lowest place in society  gradually improves

Mongols attempts to invade Japan 1274 –sent fleet of 30,000 troops – wrecked by typhoon 1281 –sent larger fleet – another typhoon Japanese said they were saved by the 80 The Japanese Feudal System

Mongols attempts to invade Japan Japanese said they were saved by the kamikaze, or divine winds (reinforced their belief they were special--protected by the gods) 81 The Japanese Feudal System

82 Objective Six Explain how the Tokugawa’s united Japan

83 The Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan 1281-1450 – Difficult times Warfare increases forcing daimyo to arm peasants as well as samurai  ruthless fighting (Ellis 392).

84 The Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan 1281-1450 – Difficult times 1450 –1600 -- Gradually, several warriors united large parts of Japan 1590: commoner by birth  brilliant general; most of Japan under his control, but lost to Korea and China (Turtle Ships).

85 The Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan 1281-1450 – Difficult times 1450 –1600 -- Gradually, 1600–daimyo Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats rivals; becomes master of Japan; 1603 becomes shogun

86 The Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan 1281-1450 – Difficult times 1450 –1600 -- Gradually, 1603—1868 Tokugawa Shogunate

87 The Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan 1603—1868 Tokugawa Shogunate feudalism -- feudal society under the control of the shogun

88 The Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan 1603—1868 Tokugawa Shogunate feudalism -- feudal society under shogun Unified, orderly society & an end to feudal warfare

89 The Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan 1603—1868 Tokugawa Shogunate feudalism -- Unified, orderly society Controlled daimyos by forcing them to live in capital every other year; wives & children full time

90 The Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan 1603—1868 Tokugawa Shogunate feudalism -- Unified, orderly society Daimyos needed permission to repair castle or marry

91 The Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan 1603—1868 Tokugawa Shogunate feudalism -- New laws  strict social order & moral code

92 The Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan 1603—1868 Tokugawa Shogunate feudalism -- New laws  only samurai could serve in military, hold public jobs, and were expected to comply with bushido

93 The Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan 1603—1868 Tokugawa Shogunate feudalism -- New laws  Peasants  remain on land Silk & other luxuries for upper class only

94 The Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan 1603—1868 Tokugawa Shogunate Social change restricted, but economy soared Peace  agriculture to prosper

95 The Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan 1603—1868 Tokugawa Shogunate Social change restricted, but … Peace  agriculture to prosper New seeds, tools, use of fertilizer  increase in crop output  surplus  increase in population

96 The Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan 1603—1868 Tokugawa Shogunate Social change restricted, … Peace  agriculture to prosper Towns spring up around daimyos’ castles, which drew artisans & merchants

97 The Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan 1603—1868 Tokugawa Shogunate Social change restricted, … “Trade flourished within Japan” (Ellis 394). New roads between castles and towns

98 The Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan 1603—1868 Tokugawa Shogunate Social change restricted, … “Trade flourished within Japan” The forced journey of daimyo to shogun  demand for food & services along way

99 The Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan 1603—1868 Tokugawa Shogunate Social change restricted, … “Trade flourished within Japan” Cities – wealthy merchant class Confucianism means low status to merchants; this was compensated by loaning money to daimyo & samurai or marrying daughter to samurai

100 Works Cited ATWATER, Brian F., MUSUMI-ROKKAKU Satoko, SATAKE Kenji, TSUJI Yoshinobu, UEDA Kazue, and David K. YAMAGUCHI. "The Orphan Tsunami of 1700—Japanese Clues to a Parent Earthquake in North America." U.S. Geological Survey. 2005. Geological Survey of Japan and University of Washington Press. 13 Apr 2008 <http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1707/>. "arable; stratification." Encarta® World English Dictionary . 2007. Microsoft Corporation.. 13 Apr 2008 <http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861586528>. Asia: Tradition and Culture . Discovery Channel School. 2004. unitedstreaming. 9 April 2008 <http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/> Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor, and Anthony Esler. World History. New York. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc, 2007. Feudal Japan. Discovery Education, 2004. Video Segment. 13 April 2010. <http://www.discoveryeducation.com/>. Grabianowski, Ed.  "How Samurai Work."  16 April 2004.  HowStuffWorks.com. <http://people.howstuffworks.com/samurai.htm>  14 April 2008. "Hua Mulan." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 26 March 2008. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.. 14 Apr 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hua_Mulan>.

101 Works Cited Samurai Swords and Armor. Discovery Education, 2004. Video Segment. 13 April 2010. <http://www.discoveryeducation.com/>."Shinto Shrines." History and Culture. 2000. Japan National Tourist Organization. 13 Apr 2008 <http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/indepth/history/experience/d.html>. "Shinto shrine." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 30 March 2008. the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., . 13 Apr 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinja_(Shinto)#Shrines_designated_as_National_Treasures>. "Tsunami." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2008. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., . 13 Apr 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami>. Tsunami-Prone Locations. Discovery Education, 2004. Video Segment. 13 April 2010. <http://www.discoveryeducation.com/>. Yokota, Yukio . "The 36th and the 37th, the 38st, and 39th poem." THE Revolution of Ancient History. Furuta-Sigaku-no-kai (Furuta's Historical Science Association). 13 Apr 2008

102 FYI Kimonos Carey, Jane Anne. "Petals from the Floating World Art to Wear." 06 Aug 2002. University of Florida. 13 Apr 2008 <http://plaza.ufl.edu/jacarey/artindex.html>.