Unit 1 Rights and Responsibilities Unit 2 Environmental and medical issues Unit 3 Peace and Conflict Unit 4 Crime and Punishment Advice for revision will be in this speech bubble.

Unit 1 Rights and Responsibilities Unit 2 Environmental and medical issues Unit 3 Peace and Conflict Unit 4 Crime and Punishment

Unit 1 Rights and Responsibilities Key words Keyword activity Click here

How do Christians know what is right or wrong? Human Rights What Rights do we have? Why is it important? Genetic Engineering and Cloning What is good about it? What is bad about it? What do Christians think? >

How do Christians know what is right or wrong? >

Two important parts Rules Teachings >

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10 Commandments vs Situation Ethics 10 Commandments Situation Ethics Love your Neighbour Don’t worship other Gods Don’t make idols Don’t misuse God’s name Keep the Sabbath holy Honour your Father and Mother Don’t Murder Don’t Commit Adultery Don’t Steal Don’t Lie Don’t Covet >

10 Commandments vs Situation Ethics >

1. You are in another country and you come across a firing squad about to kill 5 innocent people . The leader of the squads says he’ll do a deal with you. If you kill one of them he will let the rest go. Otherwise he will kill all five people. Do you kill one or let all five die?  

2. You hear a knock on the door and when you answer it there is a girl who is being chased by a group of men who are going to attack her. You quickly let her in and hide her in your house. Later on the men knock on all the doors in the street asking whether you have seen her. Do you tell the truth or lie?    

3. Your family is dying of starvation and a passing van leaves his door open with loads of food. Do you steal the bread to feed your family or let them die?      

4. You are in a war and your friend steps on a mine and his legs are blown off. He is dying slowly and painfully, he will probably be captured and tortured before he dies, he asks you to shoot him in the head so he has a quick death. Do you kill him or leave him to die naturally?        

5. You are grown up and married with Children. A friend of yours has a week to live, they are madly in love with you even though you are married. They say they don’t want to die a virgin. Do you help them out or leave them to die a virgin?        

Should a Christian attend a Gay wedding? >

Quakers An example of liberal Christians Very tolerant of other religions No music in worship No violence (pacifist) Sit in a circle when the worship (everyone is equal)

Roman Catholics Very strict on lots of ethical issues (No divorce, No contraception, no Euthanasia etc.) Church teachings from the Pope very important. Believe than war can be justified (just war theory)

Fundamentalists Have some very strict views on most ethical issues. Very intolerant of any beliefs other than their own Believe in Hell and 7 days of creation. Take the Bible as the exact word of God. Jesus Saves

The Church of England (Anglicans C of E) Have their own views on things. There are a variety of believers within the Church. Some are Liberals and some are fundamentalists.

Not all Christians think the same thing about X Quaker’s think that X is o.k provided it is done out of love Roman Catholics are against X because the Pope says that it is unnatural. Fundamentalist Christians are for (or against) X because it says in the Bible Don’t do X! Jesus Saves >

Not all Christians think the same thing about X Very strict on lots of ethical issues (No divorce, No contraception, no Euthanasia etc.) Church teachings from the Pope very important. Believe than war can be justified (just war theory) Roman Catholics Fundamentalists Have some very strict views on most ethical issues. Very intolerant of any beliefs other than their own Believe in Hell and 7 days of creation. Take the Bible as the exact word of God. Liberals Stick to general Principles like, ‘love your neighbour,’ rather than inflexible rules. Methodists and Quakers Tolerate other people’s views. The Church of England (Anglicans C of E) Have their own views on things. There are a variety of believers within the Church. Some are Liberals and some are fundamentalists.

Should a Christian attend a Gay wedding? The Old Testament says a man who lies with a man as with a woman is an abomination and should be put to death. Roman Catholics say that sex is only for having babies so Homosexuality is unnatural. Jesus says, love your neighbour as yourself. Some Christians feel homosexual acts are disgusting. Some Christians feel that homosexual acts are not disgusting.

Should a Christian attend a Gay wedding? The Old Testament says a man who lies with a man as with a woman is an abomination and should be put to death. Roman Catholics say that sex is only for having babies so Homosexuality is unnatural. Jesus says, love your neighbour as yourself. Some Christians feel homosexual acts are disgusting. Some Christians feel that homosexual acts are not disgusting. The Bible The Church Conscience Situation Ethics Methodists and Quakers say that Homosexuality is not wrong.

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Universal Declaration of Human Rights Below are some of the human rights drawn up by the United Nations (UN). For each human right, write a full sentence giving an example of how these may be broken or draw a picture which demonstrates the right. The right to equality. The right to be free from slavery. The right to have a fair trial if accused of something illegal. The right to privacy regarding family, home and mail. The right to move freely in and out of the country. The right to have beliefs and to belong to a religion. The right to have an opinion. The right to participate in government by voting and standing for election. The right to an adequate standard of living. The right to have an education. >

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Genetic engineering the Issues… People get diseases which run through their family. These diseases are linked to their Genes. Crops which are grown to feed people often fail or are destroyed by disease. Your genes are the cause of most of you. Your looks your intelligence even your physical abilities.

Genetic engineering is.. The modification of an organism by manipulating it’s genes. Or Changing the genes of things to make them different (better).

What do Christians think about Genetic engineering. Not all Christians think the same thing. Some think it is ok if it is the most loving thing to do in a situation because Jesus said, “love your neighbour.” An example might be when genetic engineering is used to help provide better crops to feed starving people. Other would argue that we shouldn’t interfere with what God has made. If we are made in god’s image then we would be going against God to break these rules. >

Unit 2 Environmental and Medical issues Keyword activity Click here >

Environmental Issues What is causing? Global Warming Pollution (Land, Sea, Air) Natural Resources Conservation What can we do about it?

Gather Some Facts Make sure you know the causes and solutions of these things…

The Parable of the coins >

Then God said, "Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over all the creatures that move along the ground."    Genesis 2:15 God took the man, and put him in the garden of Eden to look after and maintain it. >

Stewardship Why are people like an Airline Steward(ess) >

(c) Why do Christians think it is right to protect the environment. Give two reasons for the point of view. (4 Marks) Some Christians think… Because… Others think…. Because… >

What about Muslims? Muslims also think we should be Stewards. The words in Arabic is Khalifas, which means ‘Deputy’.

What about Muslims? Muslims also believe that God put Adam in the Garden of Eden to look after it. So we should look after the world.

What about Muslims? Muslims believe that Allah will judge everyone and send those to Hell who have acted badly.

Muslim Views >

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artificial insemination injecting semen into the uterus by artificial means Embryo a fertilised egg in the first eight weeks after conception not being able to have children Infertility in-vitro fertilisation the method of fertilising a human egg in a test tube giving organs to be used in transplant surgery organ donation an arrangement where a woman bears a child on behalf of another woman surrogacy

Basic Christian Ideas Roman Catholics believe that only sex should be used for making babies and that sex is only for making babies.

Basic Christian Ideas Some Christians believe in doing the most loving thing. Situation Ethics

Basic Christian Ideas Some Christians believe that life begins when the sperm meets the egg. So we shouldn’t throw away embryos. We are Alive, We are people Kill us you are a murderer

3 Important thoughts from Christians about methods of overcoming infertility Roman Catholics believe that sex is for making babies and that babies should only be made through sex. Otherwise it’s unnatural. Some Christians believe that an embryo is a life. So killing one is murder. Some Christians think that we should always do the most loving thing. (Situation Ethics)

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Make it a higher level by adding so or because Islam teaches that only a married couple can produce a child. So some Muslims won’t accept methods of overcoming infertility which use donor eggs or sperm. >

Make it a higher level by adding so or because Islam teaches that only a married couple can produce a child. Muslims won’t accept methods of overcoming infertility which use donor eggs or sperm because

* (c) Choose one religion other than Christianity and explain why some of its followers agree with transplant surgery and some do not. (8) Or * (c) Choose one religion other than Christianity and explain why some of its followers agree with methods of overcoming infertility and some do not. (8) Not all Muslims agree. Some think….. So….. However others think…. Because……. however others think…..So……. >

(b) Do you agree with transplant surgery? Give two reasons for your point of view. (4) UK facts and figures 8000 are on transplant waiting lists in the UK. Numbers waiting rise by 80% each year. 3000 organ transplants are carried out each year. 1000 people on the waiting list die each year. One donor can save up to nine lives.

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Unit 3 Peace and Conflict Keyword activity Click here >

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Reasons for Going to War. Vietnam Yugoslavia Germany WWII Israel >

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Explain why Christians believe different things about war. (8 marks) Some Christians think war is sometimes alright because… Other Christians think war is not alright because…. >

Attack the land of Merathaim and those who live in Pekod. Pursue, kill and completely destroy them, declares the LORD. Do everything I have commanded you. (Jeremiah 50:21) >

“Do not take revenge on someone who wrongs you. If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, let him slap your left cheek also.” (Matthew 5:39) >

“Blessed are the peacemakers for they are God’s children” (Matthew 5:9) >

“…put down your sword, for those who live by the sword die by the sword.” (Matthew 26:52)

1st Century During the early years Christians followed Jesus’ teaching.

4th Century The Roman Emperor became a Christian and used the cross as a symbol of his army.

11th Century Christians from Europe fought the crusades against the Ottoman empire (Muslims) this is called a Holy war. (The Christians lost.)

13th Century Thomas Aquinas wrote rules for a just war It must be started by the proper rulers of the country. The reasons for going to war must be good (just) and have the right intention. It must be as a last resort. No more force than necessary should be used and civilians must be protected.

20th Century Weapons are much more advanced and can kill lots of people. Some Christians say we need nuclear weapons to put others off attacking us. Other Christians say that there should be no violence or threats of violence.

(d) “If people were more religious, there would be no wars.” In your answer you should refer to at least one religion. (i) Do you agree? Give reasons for your opinion. (3) (ii) Give reasons why some people may disagree with you. (3)

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Christian Attitudes to Bullying Muslim Attitudes to Bullying All religions would say that bullying is wrong because… Violence is wrong Human beings have rights, given by God Religions call for us to protect the weak

Conflict and Reconciliation Christians believe that conflict should be stopped through reconciliation because… Jesus died on the cross to stop conflict Jesus said forgive your neighbour not 7 times but 70 x 7 times Jesus said God won’t forgive you if you don’t forgive others. Christians share the sign of peace with each other when they eat bread and drink wine in church

Conflict and Reconciliation Muslims believe that conflict should be stopped through reconciliation because… God is compassionate Everyone will be judged on the last day The Qur’an says people should be forgiven

Unit 4 Crime and Punishment Keyword activity Click here >

Christians tend to follow Jesus’ advice to love your neighbour. They believe society should be protected from criminals they also will try to reform a criminal because they need to be loved too. Some Christians use parts of the Old Testament to justify extreme punishments.   Christian views on Punishment

In the case of capital punishment the church itself has sentenced people to death in the past. Christians now try to return to the central teaching of Jesus which are mainly about love for your neighbour and forgiveness for your enemies.     Christian views on Punishment

The Old Testament.   In the first part of the bible, the Old Testament, God is seen as being in favour of Capital punishment. For example in Exodus 21, God demands the death penalty for deliberate murder, kidnapping and cursing one’s mother or father. Yet earlier on in Exodus 20 God also says “Thou shalt not kill!”   The attitude of the Old Testament is summed up in Exodus 21:24 “...an eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth, hand for a hand...” Retribution. The punishment should fit the crime, therefore capital punishment is justified under certain conditions.       Christian views on Punishment

The New Testament and Jesus.   Many Christians believe that Jesus changed the laws of the Old Testament, replacing punishment with forgiveness, compassion and mercy. Jesus himself forgave wrong-doers including the thief who was crucified on the cross next to him. Jesus said: “You have heard that it was said an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth but I say to you, if someone hits you on one cheek turn him the other.”           Christian views on Punishment “Blessed are the merciful.”  “If you forgive men their sins, then God will forgive you.”  “Do not judge others or you yourself will be judged.”

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For or Against? CP can act as a deterrent so people will not commit a murder because they are scared of what will happen.

For or Against? CP cannot be undone so innocent people cannot be released if the courts made a mistake.

For or Against? Countries with CP have a higher murder rate than those without.

For or Against? Terrorists and murderers cannot commit their crimes if they are dead. We are protected from them.

For or Against? Many murderers do not think about the crime before they do it and even if they do they don’t think they will get caught.

For or Against? Human life is the most valuable thing there is and the only way to show it is valuable is to take the life of anyone who kills.

For or Against? A murderer who knows he will be executed is likely to go on killing as there is no further punishment he can get.

For or Against? Terrorists who are executed are called martyrs by their followers and encourage more terrorists as a result.

For or Against? Human life is the most important thing there is so no-one has the right to take it. Killing killers just shows that life is not sacred.

For or Against? Retribution is an important part of punishment and the only way to make someone pay for murder is to murder them.

For or Against? Life in prison is actually a worse punishment for a killer.

Not all Some … because 4 things Others… because 4 things What do Christians believe about capital punishment? (8 marks) >

If any of you is without sin let him cast the first stone. >

Take the plank of wood out of your own eye before you look at the speck of sawdust in your brother’s eye.

As to the thief, Male or female, cut off his or her hands: a punishment by way of example, from Allah, for their crime: and Allah is Exalted in power. >

The recompense for an injury is an injury equal thereto (in degree): but if a person forgives and makes reconciliation, his reward is due from Allah: for (Allah) loveth not those who do wrong. (Surah 42:40) >

Nor take life - which Allah has made sacred - except for just cause. And if anyone is slain wrongfully, we have given his heir authority (to demand qisas or to forgive): but let him not exceed bounds in the matter of taking life; for he is helped (by the Law). (Surah 17:33)   >

The shedding of the blood of a Muslim is not lawful except for one of three reasons; a life for a life, a married person who commits adultery and one who turns aside from his religion and abandons the community. (Hadith) 1 2 3 >

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The law on alcohol It is illegal to give someone under 5 an alcoholic drink. Under 16s CANNOT Drink alcohol in a pub. over 16s Can drink alcohol (but not spirits) with a meal if they are accompanied by an adult. Nobody can buy alcohol under the age of 18. >

The law and drugs

Christian attitudes towards Alcohol and tobacco Alcohol is permitted by most Christians and, of course, is normally used for celebration in church remembering the death of Jesus (Bread and Wine). ...after supper he took the cup, saying, 'This cup is the new covenant in my blood; do this, whenever you drink it, in remembrance of me. 1 Corinthians 11:24 The Salvation Army and the Methodist Church have always been opposed to the use of alcohol because of the bad effects it can have on people’s behaviour and lifestyle. For this reason some Christians do not permit the use of alcohol at the Eucharist and instead use unfermented grape juice. Tobacco is not condemned by the churches but many Christians are concerned about the effect which it can have on people’s health, and many Christians would make a positive decision not to smoke.

Christian attitudes towards drugs The key Christian teaching in relation to the use of drugs is that the physical body is the natural home of the soul, and is therefore precious and sacred. Your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit. 1 Corinthians 6:19 So Christians do not approve of the taking of illegal drugs, including most recreational drugs, especially those which can alter the mind and make people incapable of praying or being alert to God. Christians will take prescription drugs when appropriate. Alcohol, tobacco and caffeine are examples of recreational drugs which are not forbidden to Christians. The Roman Catholic church says: “The use of drugs inflicts very grave damage on human health and life. Their use, except on strictly therapeutic grounds, is a grave offence. Clandestine production of and trafficking in drugs are scandalous practices. They constitute direct co-operation in evil, since they encourage people to practices gravely contrary to the moral law."

Muslim attitudes towards drugs Islam is opposed to the use of any drugs except for those which are medically prescribed. Prophet Muhammad said, 'Every intoxicant is Khamr (alcohol) and all Khamr is Haram (unlawful or not permitted).' In the Qur’an it says: O ye who believe, liquor, gambling, idols and divining arrows are but abominations and Satanic devices. So turn wholly away from each of them that you may prosper. Satan desires only to create enmity and hatred between you by means of liquor and gambling and to keep you back from the remembrance of Allah and from Prayer. Surah 5:91-92 So Muslims consider that all non-prescribed drugs are the work of Satan and are designed to lead people away from God. It is thought that all drugs enable people to escape from real life which would mean that they cannot serve Allah well.

The Exam >

The Exam Pt2 >

The Exam Pt3 >

The Exam pt4 >

The exam board website with info about the course (we do UNIT 8) http://www.edexcel.com/quals/gcse/gcse09/rs/Pages/default.aspx The Follens site with the revision exercises for key words. http://www.folens.com/gcsers/religionandsocietybasedonchristianityandislam/home/ >