INTRODUCTION TO LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE, 9th Edition Chapter 7 Community Policing, Partnerships and Problem-Solving Policing By Henry M. Wrobleski and Kären M. Hess

Chapter 7 2 What is Community Policing? Community policing is a philosophy that stresses working proactively in partnership with citizens to prevent crime and to solve crime-related problems. Community policing is neither a project nor a program. It is a culture. Community policing is viewed by many as a paradigm shift from the traditional, professional model of policing.

Chapter 7 3 Roots of Community Policing The U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights, as well as federal and state statutes and local ordinances, establish the “public peace” in the United States. Social contract – relinquishment of some freedom so that the “whole” can experience justice

Chapter 7 4 Importance of Community Sense of community is the “glue” that binds communities to maintain order and provides the foundation for effective community action. Social capital Local social capital Public social capital Bowling alone phenomenon Lack of community Broken windows Speculation about decreased crime using Broken Windows theory

Chapter 7 5 Diversification of Communities Growing elderly population Growing minority population Growing immigrant population Growing homeless population Growing number of HIV/AIDS and Other Infectious Diseases population Individuals with disabilities Widening gap between rich and poor

Chapter 7 6 Involving and Educating Citizens Community members involved with local police departments. Should not be mistaken for community policing. Involvement has taken the form of: Civilian review boards Citizen patrols Citizen police academies Ride-along programs

Chapter 7 7 Key Elements of Community Policing The two critical key elements of community policing are: partnerships problem solving

Chapter 5 8 Community Partnerships The core components of effective community partnerships are: Stakeholders Shared vision and common goal(s) Expertise Teamwork strategies Open communication Motivated partners Sufficient means Action plan

Chapter 5 9 Problem Solving Problem-oriented policing is an essential component of community policing. Problem solving requires police to group incidents and, thereby, identify underlying causes of problems in the community. Three themes of problem-oriented policing: Increased effectiveness Reliance on the expertise and creativity of line officers Closer involvement with the public SARA model of problem-oriented policing

Chapter 5 10 SARA Model of Problem-Oriented Policing The four strategies of the SARA model are: Scanning – grouping individual incidents into meaningful “problems.” Analyzing – collecting information from all available sources (not just police data). Responding – selecting and implementing solutions. Assessing – evaluating the impact of the solution.

Chapter 7 11 Fig. 5.3 The Crime Triangle Crime is presumed amenable to suppression if any of the three legs of the triangle is removed or neutralized. LOCATION VICTIM SUSPECT CRIME

Chapter 7 12 Who Is Ultimately Responsible for Successful Police/Community Relations? The police officer on the street is ultimately responsible for the success of police-community relations.

Chapter 7 13 Benefits of Community Policing Benefits to police Increasing job satisfaction Developing new skills Reducing demands on police time Fostering community support Improving the public image of the police Improving morale and motivation Making the police force more knowledgeable of public concerns Improving the police force’s crime fighting capability Strengthening organizational support Improving the safety of police officers Benefits to community Reducing the psychological distance between the public and the police Providing reassurance to citizens Reducing disorder Reducing fear Improving quality of life Promoting community integration and satisfaction Increasing the security of vulnerable groups such as women, children, the elderly, and shopkeepers

Chapter 7 14 Challenges to Community Policing Impediments Organizational Union Communities Transition Evaluation of effectiveness Problem of statistics