Chris Tilley Multimedia Presentation #1 EDTECH 513 Instructional Objective: After viewing this presentation, the learner will correctly identify key concepts regarding contiguity and proper utilization of multimedia in e-learning presentations. By comparison of examples, the learner will be able to distinguish between proper and improper application of the aforementioned concepts.

Multimedia Definitions: Text: Media in the form of words printed on screen or on paper Graphics: Media in the form of static illustrations such as graphs, charts, maps, photos, etc. + = Multi (more than one) media Multimedia Graphic Text

Contiguity Definition: Contiguity: Aligning text to corresponding graphics “See Fire, Say Fire.” F I R E →

Active Learning Active learning is preferable because learners engage in cognitive processing while mentally organizing material into a coherent cognitive representation. Multimedia presentations encourage this process by linking textual concepts and images, which connect in the learner’s mind.

Graphics that support learning Graphics along with text give the learner more visual information, but it is important to make sure the graphics support the lesson. There are six types of graphics identified for education: Decorative, Representational, Organizational, Relational, Transformational, and Interpretive. Decorative graphics should be kept to a minimum, whereas more substantial graphics like Organizational, Relational, or Transformative graphics should be utilized whenever applicable.

Examples of graphics that support learning Decorative Relational Representational Organizational

Using graphics to teach The application of the graphics is just as important as the selection of type of graphic. Graphics can be organized to show facts, concepts, processes, procedures, and principles. The following series of slides demonstrate use of Representational graphics to teach a procedure

Using a bicycle pump What to do in case of a flat tire Front tire Bicycle

Using a bicycle pump Remove the air tube cap by unscrewing it. →

Using a bicycle pump Bring your bicycle pump out and take the air hose nozzle in your hand Air Hose Nozzle Bicycle Pump

Using a bicycle pump Place the Air Hose Nozzle over the Air Tube on the tire and lock it on by using the clamp illustrated above →

Using a bicycle pump Use the pump to inflate the tire. When you have inflated the tire, remove the Air Hose Nozzle from the Air Tube and replace the Air Tube Cap. → ↑ ↓ Pull handle up… …Then push handle down

Using graphics to show relationships This is an example of using a graphic to explain Bernoulli’s Principle ↓ Faster Air = Lower Pressure ← ← ← ← Slower Air = Higher Pressure

Knowledge Construction Theory An important part of active processing is to mentally create graphic and textual representations and connect them mentally This is achieved by Multimedia Presentations Best practiced with novice learners

Contiguity Integrating text in close proximity to graphics. The advantage to practice contiguity is a reduced need to search for which parts of the graphic correspond with the text which makes learning easier.

Examples from this multimedia presentation of contiguity F I R E ↑ ↓ Pull handle up… …Then push handle down F I R E

How NOT to practice contiguity This is a bicycle

Contiguity See What I Mean? Fin Chris Tilley – EDTECH 513 – Dr. Schroeder → → Decorative graphics… ..should be kept to a minimum