Small Wind and Solar Resource Renewable Energy Workshop Walters State Community College August 25, 2010

Small Wind Outline Small Wind Turbine Survey (Horizontal Axis) Tower Review Wind Resource Considerations

Small Wind Survey Microturbine 400 W AirX, Southwest 500 W A-Wing International 600 W e150 Kestrel Evergreen One Kilowatt Kestrel e220 & e300i Whisper 100 & 200 Southwest Bergey XL1

Wind Turbine Survey Multi Kilowatt Skystream Southwest Kestrel 400i Eveready Whisper 500 Southwest Proven 2.5 ARE 110 Xzeres Earth 2500 (NRG)

Small Wind Turbine Survey Mid Range 5 & 50 Endurance (Greenway) 9 Evance DC 10 Bergey 5, 10, 20 Redriven 7, 11, 35 Proven Northwind 100

Small Wind Survey Upper End 25, 35 & 40 Enertech New Refurbished 50 Redriven 100 Northwind

Small Wind Survey – Others (Wind Power 2010) Tozzi Nord – 7 KW Gala Wind – 11 KW Xyron – 55 KW Sonkyo Energy (Windspot) – 1.5, 3.5, 7.5, & 15 KW Aerostar – 10 KW NWG -62 watts Windmax – 200 watts to 20 KW Leitwind – 70, 77 & 80 KW Westwind - 3, 5, 10 & 20

Towers for Small Wind Cost is major factor Stand alone towers Monopole Lattice Guy Towers Thin Wall 3, 4 & 5” steel pipe Lattice Installation Maintenance

Example of Bergey Towers

Developments in Wind Turbine Towers Hydraulic Motorized Parafold

AWS Truewind Modeling

Relief Map

Topographic Maps

Small Wind Monitoring Comparatively Expensive Bergey Tower - $2,500 Instruments - $2,500 Installation - ? Data Evaluation - ? Hub Height - 65-135’ Guy Tower Stand Alone

Importance of Micro Siting Wind flows as streamlines Avoid buildings Above tree tops Exposed hill tops Tops of ridges

Effect of Tower Height V2 = V1 x (H2 / H1)n n = 0.25 If 10 mph at 50’ Then 12 mph at 100’ Trees affect equation.

Effect of Elevation, Examples Beech Mountain – 5000’ - Maybe 18 mph for 65 m tower Stone Mountain – 4500’ – Maybe 17 mph for 65m tower Buffalo Mountain – 3300’ – Maybe 15.5 mph for 65m tower P V 3

Effect of Seasons Buffalo Mountain (2000-2002 Summer = 11.1 mph Fall = 15.6 mph Winter = 17.7 mph Spring = 17.2 mph September & May transition months 13.2 & 15.3 mph Order of 20% more wind at night

Wind Direction SW - Cumberland Plateau W - Stone Mountain NW – NC Mountain sites Large Plant – Guidance for spacing turbines Expect less wind resource if wind traverses length of mountain.

Diurnal Wind Speed

Great Generation Fallacy Yearly or monthly averages inaccurate. Hourly averages much better Averages use for general comparison

Power Curves, Bergey & ARE 10 KW Turbines

New Modeling 3 Tier & AWS