beginning drafting

Bill Drafting for... the Bold the Brave and the [Beautiful] Daring

Presented by... Ken H. Takayama, J.D. Director Legislative Reference Bureau State Capitol, Room 446

Types of Bills Amending Existing Statutes (the HRS) Constitutional Amendment Appropriation Session Law

Types of Bills Amending HRS

Types of Bills Constitutional Amendment

Types of Bills Appropriation

Types of Bills Session Laws

Bill Declaration Title Enacting Clause Prefatory Language Content Ramseyer Provision Effective Date Building a Bill

Bill Components Title Enacting Clause Prefatory Language Ramseyer Provision Effective Date Bill Section No. HRS Section No.

Section Subsection Paragraph Subparagraph Clause Anatomy of an HRS Section

Bill Section No. HRS Section No. Prefatory Language Subsection Paragraph* Subparagraph* Clause* Subparagraph Continued Subparagraph Paragraph Continued HRS Section Title Bracketing & Strike through indicate language deleted *Note capitalization. Anatomy - Continued

Capitalization Capitalize Hawaii or Hawaiian (e.g. office of Hawaiian affairs) Federal agencies and officials (e.g., Secretary of State) Names of private entities (e.g., American Red Cross) Do Not Capitalize State agencies and officials (e.g. governor, department of health) County agencies and officials (e.g., mayor, Honolulu police department) Federal programs (e.g., medicare, supplemental security income) See page 24, item 8e of Drafting Manual

Capitalization - Continued Special Rules for “State” Capitalize if: Refers to the State of Hawaii or a particular state (State of Arizona) Used in possessive case and referring to the State of Hawaii or a particular state (e.g. State’s fiscal condition, the State’s money) Do Not Capitalize if used as an adjective E.g., state archives, state director of health

Style Conventions Choice of Words and Phrases These are Style Conventions used in the Hawaii Revised Statutes Use gender neutral terms (see pp. 29-31) Preference for more "compact" phrasing (see pp. 27-28) Do not use acronyms (see p. 31 bottom) Numbers -- when to spell out vs. use of figures (see p. 25) Correct names of executive departments and department heads (see pp. 19-20)

When? Effective Dates “On Approval” is day that Governor signs or 45th “day” after end of session Can specify an effective date July 1, 2XXX (if first day of fiscal year is desired) Can also be years after passage Bottom Line How will the changes made by the bill affect day-to-day realities? Avoid ambiguous dates (e.g., “when all counties reduce real property taxes”). What is that specific date going to be -- how will it be determined, and how will anyone know?

Ramseyer Format A technique for showing how the bill proposes to change existing statutory law Superimposed upon existing HRS base language

New/Changed/Deleted Material Shows at a glance what is being changed Brackets to show deletions Underscoring to show additions Prefatory language explaining portions of law being added, amended, or repealed With bills, underlying material is the HRS or Session Laws Style conventions and terminology discussed earlier concern what the statutory material itself should look like. Ramseyer shows the changes being made.

Order of a Bill Sequence of Material 1st New - new material (i.e., new chapters, parts, and sections) up front 2nd Amended - amended sections next 3rd Repealed - repealed sections last Note: Within each category above, organize according to statutory section numbers. Lowest first, up to highest.

Amendments Set out the entire section or subsection being amended. Set out only the affected subsection if: Section is divided into subsections and only one subsection is being amended. Only need to set out that subsection. Set out the entire section if: Section is NOT divided into subsections. Adding or deleting an entire subsection.

Identifying Subsections How to Identify a Subsection A section has a subsection if a (a) or (1) (particularly Penal Code) appears immediately after the section title and prior to the start of any substantive language.

Identifying Subsections - continued Example with Subsection §000-00 Title. (a) This section has a subsection since no language appears between the title and the (a). Example Without Subsection §000-00 Title. This is not a subsection. Note the following: (1) This section has language between the section title and the (1) and therefore this section has no subsections. Note: When repealing a subsection(s) from a section leaving only 1 subsection remaining, the remaining subsection identifier should be should be repealed as well.

New Material Underscore ALL additions ENTIRE new section (underscore the whole thing) Exceptions Entire new parts or chapters — DON'T underscore ANYTHING Arbitrary Rule That is Form Driven 100 new sections none of which are in parts — underscore everything. New part or chapter consisting of only 1 section — underscore nothing.

Repealing Material Bracket and Strikethrough All deletions Repeal of entire section — Bracket and strikethrough the whole thing Exceptions Repeal of entire parts or chapters — DON'T bracket, strikethrough, or set out ANYTHING Arbitrary Rule That is Form Driven 100 new sections none of which are in parts — bracket and strike through everything New part or chapter consisting of only 1 section — bracket and strike through nothing.

Ramseyering Delete first, then add (see pp. 68-70) The application fee shall be [$25] $100 after July 1, 2004. Don't insert new language in front of existing punctuation Always bracket out punctuation before inserting new material[.], do not insert new material otherwise. Change entire words, even if only correcting minor errors Just because a word is [mispelled] misspelled or you wish to change a singular word into [a] plural [word] words is no reason to be lazy. To Avoid Common Errors

Ramseyering Use correct method to renumber paragraphs [(2) Bracket out the number with the material which is being deleted, and (3)] (2) Reinsert the number when reaching the remaining material. Determine when a section is divided into subsections Addition or deletion of entire subsection requires setting out of entire section Study pages 68-73 carefully to avoid most common errors! To Avoid Common Errors

The Big Picture Before Starting to Draft Have a clear idea of what you want to accomplish Make a thorough and conscientious effort to identify all portions of the law that need to be changed, and the changes that need to be made

The Big Picture - Continued First Draft Just get the substantive stuff down on paper. Don't worry about style and technical Ramseyer requirements Subsequent Drafts Work on: Consistency of substantive changes Possible "disconnects" created by changes Proper application of Ramseyer requirements HRS style and word usage conventions

S.O.S. So...who ya gonna call? There is no magic Call the Legislative Reference Bureau 587-0666 Ask for any researcher and just say that you have a bill drafting question