1 DNA –based semiconductor devices Advisor Dr. H. Badri Ghavifekr Academic Staff of Sahand University of Technology Presented by Mohammad Honarparvar Msc. Student of Sahand University of Technology 17 December 2010

STEP BY STEP 2

Outline Introduction to nanotechnology applications in scientific domain applications in human life breakdown of nanotechnology in practical domain construction methodologies in nanoscale tools for nanotechnology dimensions of material in nanoscale significant material in nanoelectronics Nanoelectronics DNA-electronics electrical properties 3

Who was starter of nanotechnology? Rechard Feynman U.S. physicist , Specialist of quantum theory, and winner of nobel prize (1965) He started his lecture with this sentence: “there are more space undrerneath” 4

applications in scientific domain 5

applications in human life 6

Breakdown of nanotechnology in practical domain Wet nanotechnology Dry nanotechnology Computation nanotechnology 7

What dose wet nanothecnology discuss about? Biological systems Cell curtain Cell combinations Genetic systems etc. for instance: Molecular motors that be able to Inject drug to the cell 8

Dry nanotechnology Combination of physics and chemistry Focus on the Carbon-based constructions Silicon -based constructions 9

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Computation nanotechnology Modeling Investigating face of complex constructions Predicting of material behavior in nano scale 11

Methods of construction Up to down approach micro(nano)machining disadvantage: Losses of material, Impurity in mat. Disarray in mat. Down to up approach Self –assembling Use in dna-electronics 12

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Nano technology will die without these tools! Measurement Tools Scanning Probe Microscope(SPM) Scanning Tunneling Microscope(STM) Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM) Scanning Near-Field Optic Microscope Atomic Force Microscope(AFM) 15

We focus on the AFM Consider three mode Contact mode No contact mode Tapping mode 16

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Dimensions of material in nanoscale Categorized by: Zero dimensional   One dimensional Two dimensional Three dimesional 18

Significant material in nanoelectronics 19

Diamond & Graphite 20

Buckyball Applications Saving Ni or H for producing electricity Arranging for using in circuitry application etc. 21

Richard Buckminster fuller 22

Carbon Nano Tube(CNT) What is CNT? How does form? CNT can make by rolling graphite Trisect : Armchair Zig-zag Chiral 23

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How is rolling? 25

Cnt properties Small size(diameter smaller than 0.4 nm Conductive or semi conductive Supper conductive(under15 deg-k.) Ballistic electron transfer Producing voltage(use as sensor) etc. 26

Applications of cnt in nanoelectronics More important usage is in the Field Effect Transistor by CNT channel wow Size Speed(T. Hz) 27

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Introduction to nanoelectronics In elec. devices we interested that: Small size High speed High accuracy Low power dissipations 29

Moore’s low In every eighteen month , size of the transistor should be half !!!!!!!!!! Existing method Limitations Tunneling What should we do? 30

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Statistical motion of electrons and atoms Limitation in miniature solutions Single electron devices Nanotube blocks Spintronic circuit DNA-based devices 32

deoxyribonucleic acid ((DNA )) What ????? It is not a strange material A macro molecule that can be able to carry genetic information 33

Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine 0.34 – 0.36 nm Adenine Guanine Thymine Cytosine 34

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Researching subjects in nanoelectronics self-assembling Use as memory electrical properties of DNA (Conductivity) Conductor Superconductor NANOWIRE Semiconductor MOSFETS insulator INSULATTING MICROELECTRONIC CIRCUITE Magnetically properties of DNA 36

Focus on the electrical properties Experimental Results: Conductor (Fink and Schoenenberger 1999 ; Cai et al. 2000 ; Tran et al. 2000 ; Rakitin et al. 2001 ; Yoo et al. 2001) Induced superconductor (Kasumov et al. 2001) Semiconductor like behavior (Porath et al. 2000) Insulator (Dunlap et al. 1993; Braun et al. 1998; de Pablo et al. 2000 ; Storm et al., 2001; Zhang et al. 2002) 37

Disparity amongst the results Length of the DNA strand Probability to have conformational defects along the strand Sequence Ionization potential G<A<C<T Contact between the DNA and the electrodes Charge injection / electron transmission through a Potential barrier. Interaction between the DNA and the surface Deformation of the conduction channel. 38

An Attractive experiment Using photo electron Complexes Ruthenium streams photo in the absence of acceptor BUT in the presence of acceptor, we observe decreasing photo Complexes Ruthenium 39

Manner of electron transmission in Dna Charge transmission along the DNA fulfill between G-C Increasing Distance between Base pair decreasing charge transmission along DNA 40

Essential procedures of charge transmission in physical prospect Ballistic Thermal hopping Sequential tunneling Coherent and incoherent tunneling A: thermal hopping B: sequential tunneling C: coherent tunneling 41

Systematic researches on the DNA with deferent base pair state that charges transmission between one G-C to another G-C do by coherent tunneling trough A-T base pair 42

Fabrication of nano wire Using DNA Molecular lithography converting to conductor Ion metallization (Ag--Au--Pd--Pt) Investigating with AFM Derivation of characteristics 43

Fabrication of nano wire Using DNA molecular lithography The process of DNA metallization by metal ions 44 Ions that be used: Ag - Au - Pd - Pt DNA molecule Molecular lithography process Nano wire

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Fabrication of nano wire Using DNA Investigating with AFM Measurement system of electrical properties 46

Experiment procedure Sample preparation 47 Substrate preparation AFM Dropping of DNA droplet on the substrate In continue

AFM topography 48 SEM

Derivation of characteristics 49 Vth DNA I-V characteristic Diode I-V characteristic

conclusion Self assembly properties Conductivity of DNA Doping of DNA … Cause DNA becomes a candidate for today electronic devices like as sensor ,nanowire and etc. 50

references [1] Young Sun and Ching-Hwa Kiang, “DNA-based Artificial Nanostructures:Fabrication, Properties, and Applications” , “Handbook of Nanostructured Biomaterials and Their Applications in Nanobiotechnology,” Vol. 2 (ISBN: 1-58883-033-0), edited by Nalwa , American Scientific Publishers (2005), pp 224-246. [2] Csaki, A., G. Maubach, D. Born, W. Fritzsche ,” DNA-Based Construction For Nanoelectronics”, LITHO 2004 13-16 June , 2004 Agelonde-France [3] Claude Nogues , Sidney Cohen, Shirley Daube and Ron Naaman,” Electrical properties of DNA characterized by conducting-atomic force microscopy.” [4] J. S. Hwang, S. H. Hong , H. K. Kim, Y. W. Kwon , J. I. Jin, S. W. Hwang and D. Ahn,” Electrical Transport Properties of Au-Doped DNA Molecule” Extended Abstracts of the 2004 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials, Tokyo, 2004,- 332 pp. 332-333 [5] Hezy Cohen, Claude Nogues Daniela Ullien, Tomer Sapir, Errez Shapir, Nataly Borovok, Tatiana Mototsky, Ron Naaman, Rosa Di Felice, Juyeon Yi, Alexander Kotlyar, and Danny Porath,” Towards DNA- and Protein-Based Nanoelectronics”, XVII Symposium on Condensed Matter Physics - SFKM 2007, Vršac - Serbia 51

refernces [6] Takahiko K. SASAKI, Asato IKEGAMI, Michika MOCHIZUKI, Nobuyuki AOKI and Yuichi OCHIAI,” Transport Properties of DNA Molecules by Using Nano-Electrodes Based on Carbon Nanotube” Proc. 2nd Quantum Transport Nano-Hana International Workshop IPAP Conf. Series 5 pp.97-100 52

Thanks for your attention 53

question 54