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Presentation Notes

Slide 2	Flexible: distributed/centralized Avail from fossil fuels Avail from water Hybrid options
Slide 4	Light & small Really wants to bond with something - even itself – H2 Boiling point: -423 F Non-corrosive - but, embrittlement Not poisonous or toxic
Slide 6	Water, methane, propane, ethanol & caffeine
Slide 33	It Will Overcome Key Technical and Cost Barriers: Lowering the cost of hydrogen : Currently, hydrogen is three to four times as expensive to produce as gasoline (when produced from its most affordable source, natural gas). The President's Hydrogen Fuel Initiative seeks to lower that cost enough to make hydrogen cost-competitive with gasoline by 2010, and to advance the methods of producing hydrogen from renewable resources, nuclear energy, and coal with carbon capture and sequestration. Creating effective hydrogen storage : Current hydrogen storage systems are inadequate for use in the wide range of vehicles that consumers demand. The President's Hydrogen Fuel Initiative supports the exploratory research and development needed to overcome the grand challenge for hydrogen storage: to store the amount of hydrogen required for a conventional driving range (>300 miles), within the vehicular constraints of weight, volume, efficiency, safety, and cost. Creating affordable hydrogen fuel cells: Currently, fuel cells are up to ten times more expensive than internal combustion engines. The President's Hydrogen Fuel Initiative is working to reduce the cost to affordable levels.

Presentation Transcript

Slide 1	Hydrogen Energy For Maine and The World Paul Faulstich Hydrogen Energy Center paul@HydrogenEnergyCenter.org Presented at Bates College Lewiston, Maine USA October 3, 2008
Slide 2	Imagine The Perfect Fuel…
Slide 3	Imagine The Perfect Fuel… Available locally Available globally Easily obtained Cheap High energy content (by mass and volume) Safe No pollution Easy to transport Renewable Easy to store Useful by-products (or no by-products) Easy to convert into other forms of energy Efficient to convert into other forms of energy
Slide 4	Hydrogen Science
Slide 5	Hydrogen Science: Implications Melting Point: 14K (-434 F) Boiling Point: 20K (-423 F), A gas unless kept very cold Very small molecule (one of the smallest) Storage is challenging Disperses rapidly
Slide 6	Hydrogen Science: Implications Lightest Molecule Left on its own, it will rise & dissipate (very quickly!) “Raw” hydrogen not available – need to “break” it out of other molecules Not an energy source (what is a fuel vs. an energy source?) Hydrogen bonds with other elements H20, CH4, C2H6O, C3H8, C8H10O2N4, etc (water, methane, ethanol, propane, caffeine) Abundant! (70% of observable universe) Bonds with itself: H2
Slide 7	Hydrogen Science & Implications Releases energy when it bonds with other elements It can be used as a fuel Like any other fuel, requires informed respect
Slide 8	Energy Densities of Various Fuels Relative Energy Density
Slide 9	Energy Densities of Various Fuels Relative Energy Density
Slide 10	Energy Densities of Various Fuels Relative Energy Density
Slide 11	Characteristics to Respect Hydrogen and Safety Tests reported by Los Alamos National Labs Fuel leak simulation Equivalent energy release Note the very different flame characteristics
Slide 12	Characteristics to Respect
Slide 13	Characteristics to Respect This is NOT the Hindenberg! This airship was filled with helium Glynco Naval Air Station, GA,1956
Slide 14	Hydrogen and Renewable Energy Renewable energy’s biggest obstacle: Availability does not match demand Hydrogen helps solve that problem When power supply matches demand, use the renewable source directly When power supply exceeds demand, generate hydrogen Whey demand exceeds supply, consume hydrogen
Slide 15	Hydrogen is a Flexible Fuel Hydrogen can coexist with other fuels Dual fuel Blended mixtures (eg HythaneTM) Hybrid solutions (e.g., solar + natural gas) Distributed model, centralized model Can be extracted from fossil fuels or from water – the rest of the system “doesn’t care” Allows for transitioning (not “All or Nothing”) Can be transported
Slide 16	Hydrogen vs. Other Fuels – Summary Clean But where did it come from? Ideal where energy/mass ratio matters Faces challenges where energy/volume matters Still MUCH better than batteries Safety factors: The same, but different… Flexible
Slide 17	Basic Parts of a Hydrogen Energy System Feedstock Production Storage Use Byproducts
Slide 18	Parts of a Hydrogen Energy System Feedstock Water, Fossil Fuels, Other Chemicals Plus energy
Slide 19	Parts of a Hydrogen Energy System Production Electrolysis, Steam Reformation, Thermochemical, Biological
Slide 20	Parts of a Hydrogen Energy System Storage Gas, liquid, “solid”
Slide 21	Parts of a Hydrogen Energy System Distribution Transport, pipeline
Slide 22	Parts of a Hydrogen Energy System Use Combustion, Fuel Cells
Slide 23	Parts of a Hydrogen Energy System Byproducts Heat Power Water
Slide 24	Example System: Chewonki Renewable Hydrogen Project Project Owners The Chewonki Foundation, Wiscasset Hydrogen Energy Center, Portland Goals Provide four days backup power to a building Provide an educational platform Gain experience in Maine
Slide 25	Feedstock: Water & Electricity
Slide 26	Production: 2500 psi Electrolyzer
Slide 27	Storage: 8 “T-bottles”
Slide 28	Use: Three 1 kilowatt fuel cells
Slide 29	Byproducts: Electricity
Slide 30	Hydrogen Today Agriculture/Food Ammonia for fertilizers Hydrogenation of oils (partially hydrogenated oil) Industry Semiconductors Energy (Fuel Cells) Forklifts Cell Phone Towers TV Video Cameras Hotels/Phone Switching Stations/Supermarkets
Slide 31	Hydrogen Tomorrow Uses today, plus… Military Soldiers Vehicles Remote locations Renewable power storage Utility power demand-leveling Transportation
Slide 32	Hydrogen in Maine Present Industry (not energy) TV Cameras Backup power (demonstration) Possible Early Markets Distribution Centers Remote Cell Towers Remote Communities (esp. Islands) Naval Ships
Slide 33	Challenges Engineering Lowering the cost of hydrogen production Creating effective hydrogen storage Creating affordable hydrogen fuel cells Designing appropriate systems for each application Codes & Standards
Slide 34	Challenges Political Powerful forces oppose change There will be winners and losers Long term focus needed Requires vision Vehicles face a chicken-and-egg dilemma: Who will buy a car if there are no fueling stations? Who will build a fueling station if there are no customers?
Slide 35	Challenges Education Replace myths with facts Prepare people for change Teach about the options We don’t need advocates or cynics, we need realists who understand complexities
Slide 36	Non-profit, all-volunteer organization dedicated to advancing the hydrogen economy, through Education Demonstration Advocacy Dedicated to the use of sustainable resources for hydrogen generation Support the realities of transition technologies The Hydrogen Energy Center www.HydrogenEnergyCenter.org
Slide 37	If you remember nothing else… Hydrogen is an energy storage mechanism Hydrogen is safe – but requires safe handling Hydrogen enables a transition from fossil to renewable fuels We need a comprehensive energy portfolio – hydrogen is only one part
Slide 38	Imagine The Perfect Fuel… Available locally Available globally Easily obtained Cheap High energy content (by mass and volume) Safe No pollution Easy to transport Renewable Easy to store Useful by-products (or no by-products) Easy to convert into other forms of energy Efficient to convert into other forms of energy
Slide 39	Thank You! Q & A