HI 112, Spring 2011 Tona Hangen Worcester State University the great war

American Empire, 1900

Monroe Doctrine (1823) + Roosevelt Corollary (1904) “Latin America is our sphere of influence; we will defend it. Europe: stay out.” “…And we get to be the police power for the region, too! Latin American countries: behave, or else.”

Panama Canal, 1903-1914

Woodrow Wilson Not “dollar diplomacy” But “moral imperialism”

US Interventions in Caribbean & Latin America, 1900-1920 Cuba 1898-1902, 1906-1909, 1912, 1917-1920. Intervention under Platt Amendment, 1902-1934. Guantanamo Naval Base, est. 1903 Haiti 1915-1934 w/ financial supervision 1916-1941 Dominican Republic 1905 customs houses seized, troops 1916-1924, financial supervision 1905-1941 Puerto Rico = US possession after 1898. Virgin Islands purchased 1917 Veracruz, Mexico seized 1914 Honduras 1907, 1924-1925 Nicaragua 1909-1910, 1912-1925, 1926-1933, financial supervision 1911-1924 Venezuela European debt blockade 1903-1904 Panama Canal Zone 1904 & Panama’s independence from Colombia; canal completed 1914

World War I

German U-Boat

Sinking of the Lusitania, 7 May 1915

Zimmerman Telegram Germany to Mexico: “Join us, and we’ll get Texas back for you”

Russian Revolution, 1917

Jeannette Rankin Montana First Woman Member of House of Representatives

Wilson’s Fourteen Points 1. No more secret agreements ("Open covenants openly arrived at"). 2. Free navigation of all seas. 3. An end to all economic barriers between countries. 4. Countries to reduce weapons. 5. All decisions regarding the colonies should be impartial. 6. The German Army is to be removed from Russia, and Russia should develop its own political system. 7. Belgium should be independent like before the war. 8. France should be fully liberated and allowed to recover Alsace-Lorraine. 9. All Italians are to be allowed to live in Italy. 10. Self-determination for all those living in Austria-Hungary. 11. Self-determination and guarantees of independence for Balkan states. 12. The Turkish people should be governed by the Turkish government. Non-Turks in the old Turkish Empire should govern themselves. 13. An independent Poland with access to the sea. 14. A League of Nations should be set up to guarantee the political and territorial independence of all states.

American “Doughboys” in Europe

National Women’s Party picketing Wilson’s White House in World War I

1918 Spanish flu pandemic

x x x

Wilson after the signing of the Treaty of Versailles, 1919

Offices of the IWW (“Wobblies”) after a Palmer Raid

Deportation of 249 suspected radicals to Russia, 21 December 1919