Space Syntax beschaeftigt sich mit der Grundlegenden Frage: Welchen Einfluss hat die form unserer gebauten Umwelt auf unser Verhalten , also auf das funktionieren oder versagen, von staedtischen strukturen und gebaeuden.?

Warum wirken manche oeffentlichen raeume wie leer gefegt und scheitern an unseren Erwartungen im Entwurfs prozess?

Last year we won the competition with Gustafson Porter Landscape Architects for the redevelopment of Nottingham Market Square in the heart of the Nottingham’s historic Town Centre

The current design is a result of redevelopment in the early 20th century. It is based on a formal layout with a central axis from nowhere to the Town Hall. permeability from the surrounding streets into the centre of the square is very low caused by walls surrounding the central area.

As a result movement levels within the centre of the square are very low, people tend to move along its edges.

We also observed what we call stationary activity in and around the square, differentiating between different user groups during different times of the day. Afternoon low no of people in centre, waterfeature is attraction for kids, but very difficult to interact with. Evening children and elderly leave the area, youth and adult groups come together in groups

Most importantly looking at all people crossing the square diagonally 78% did not enter the centre at all

The study informed and supported the new design of the square which will go on site this summer.

CityScans Measuring the effects of urban networks Harvard GSD 5th April 2011 Anna Rose

A common language of integrated urban planning Architecture Urban planning Urban economics Safety Urban design Transport planning Real estate Landscape design Space

Observe Explain Forecast Deliver Trafalgar Square, London Spatial design process

UCL Space Syntax Laboratory Fundamental research Teaching Technology development Space Syntax Limited Strategic consulting Internship Technology development People Ideas Questions Research & practice A process of mutual exploitation

Key discovery #1 Space organises movement

© Crown Copyright 2009. OS Licence No. 010003229. 80% of retail locates on the 20% most accessible parts of the network The distribution of land uses follows the spatial hierarchy of cities. Over time ‘movement hungry’ land uses establish themselves on busier streets. The pattern follows the intuitive logic and orientation of users. Key discovery #2 Space influences land use distribution

Global Centrality Berlin Straße des 17. Juni Müllerstraße Prenzlauer Allee Landsberger Allee Karl-Marx-Allee Adlergestell Potsdamer Straße Mariendorfer Damm Historische Mitte City West Integration low high The analysis highlights the central core, functions of citywide significance and major radials, reaching to the outer parts of the city.

Local centrality Berlin – a city of local centres zentrentragender Stadtraum mit höchster/hoher Urbanität HISTORISCHE MITTE Tempelhofer Damm CITY WEST Frankfurter Allee Müllerstraße Karl-Marx-Straße Hermannplatz Kottbuser Damm Breite Straße Zentrenkonzept 1999 zentrentragender Stadtraum mit ausgeprägter Urbanität Turmstraße Th-Heuss-Platz Schönhauser Allee Prenzlauer Allee Greifswalder Straße Berliner Allee Landsberger Allee Am Tierpark Köpenick Schöneweide Hermannstraße Schloßstraße Hauptstraße Uhlandstraße Potsdamer Straße Kurfürstendamm Breite Straße Siemensstadt Badstraße Marktstraße Gorkistraße Spatial structure definines the experience of a local areas as a neighbourhood entity more than municipal boundaries. Integration low high

Global Choice Berlin – a deformed wheel Straße des 17. Juni Müllerstraße Prenzlauer Allee Landsberger Allee Karl-Marx-Allee Adlergestell Potsdamer Straße Mariendorfer Damm Avus Heerstraße A100 A100 A100 A111 Potsdamer Chaussee Bornholmer Str. Friedrichstraße Through movement is concentrating in spokes (radials) and wheels (orbitals). The design varies: urban boulevards and motorways. Integration low high

Character and urban potential Movement economy Negative street character Buildings turn backs to street Suppressed movement economy Positive street character Buildings face street Enhanced movement economy

Historischer Vergleich Vorkriegszeit Nachkriegszeit Heute Räumliche Erreichbarkeit niedrig hoch

Kulturforum Entwicklungspotential Schritt 1 2 Ben-Gourion-Straße 4 Herbert-von-Karajan-Straße 3 Sharounstraße 1 Potsdamer Straße Globale Integration 2 3 4 1 Knick der Potsdamer Strasse ist ein räumliches Bindeglied zwischen Kulturforum und Potsdamer Platz Verbesserte Anbindung an Potsdammer Platz über Vox Strasse

2 Ben-Gourion-Straße 4 Herbert-von-Karajan-Straße 3 Sharounstraße 1 Potsdamer Straße Globale Integration 2 3 4 1 Sicht und Bewegungsachsen durch die Platzmitten in verschiedene Richtungen beleben und stellen Verbindungen mit der Umgebung her. Kulturforum Entwicklungspotential Schritt 2

2 Ben-Gourion-Straße 4 Herbert-von-Karajan-Straße 3 Sharounstraße 1 Potsdamer Straße 2 3 4 1 Kulturforum Entwicklungspotential Schritt 3 Vielversprechende Potenziale die Aktivitätsmuster im öffentlichen Raum zu verbessern, ergeben sich aus einer Verbindung zwischen Gemäldegalerie und Kunsgewerbe Museum zum Tiergarten hin.

Munich City scans exhibition Creating a debate about the urban qualities and urban potentials of well known places.

Munich City scans exhibition City scans , case studies and background material. Launch event during Expo Real 2008.

Creating a debate about the urban qualities and urban potentials of well known places. Case studies

Zones of stationary activity and movement in the main square of the city. High levels of both local and global accessibility. Marienplatz The heart of Munich

Zones of stationary activity and movement in the main square of the city. High levels of both local and global accessibility. Marienplatz Local accessibility (800m = 10 minutes)

Large block at the edge of the historic centre and current retail core. 5 Hoefe Local accessibility before redevelopment

A hierarchy of routes and courtyards emerges between Theatinerstrasse and Maffeistrasse. 5 Hoefe Local accessibility (Herzog & DeMeuron)

The block size analysis highlights the different character of the site, which creates a blockages for movement to the cultural quarter to the north-west. 5 Hoefe Urban grain of existing

The development provides increased permeability and alternative routes to the north west of the city centre. 5 Hoefe Urban grain

Investigation What is the impact of spatial layout?

Investigation What is the impact of spatial layout?

Old Market Square Nottingham Competition

NOTTINGHAM MARKET SQUARE Old Market Square Nottingham Competition

Old Market Square Nottingham Competition

SPACE SYNTAX STUDY 2004 INFORMAL SEATING WAITING Old Market Square Nottingham Diagnosis

All pedestrians 20:00-21:00 All pedestrians 14:00-16:00 sitting LEGEND standing Adult Youth Child Elderly AFFECTION WATER FEATURE Old Market Square Nottingham Diagnosis

boundary LEGEND observed route 78% did not enter the centre of the Square Old Market Square Nottingham Diagnosis

Old Market Square Nottingham Design and Simulation

Old Market Square Nottingham User oriented Design Desire lines through the heart of the space. Multifunctional space Seating ‘in the shade’ of movement Water feature/stage arrangement

Innovative, unorthodox and aspirational proposals for development opportunities Consultation Key question and vision Strategic design Simulation Diagnosis Process Evidence-based creativity

Anna Rose a.rose@spacesyntax.com www.spacesyntax.com Twitter: @space_syntax Facebook: Space Syntax Limited Space Syntax and evidence-based design Contact Old Market Square Nottingham in winter