Let’s think about some possibilities. . . How many of you have been through a metal detector at the airport? That’s a type of sensor. And we all know what a smoke detector is – we have them here in our classroom and at home. That’s another type of sensor. But what if we could build a sensor that could sense at the nanoscale? If the smoke detector was that sensitive it would go off whenever someone outside the school lit a match And what if the sensor itself was nano-sized?

So why is working at the nanoscale so important? In the past, we have tried to shrink things down. The first computer was so large it filled an entire room. We have been able to shrink things down so that now we have laptop computers and hand-held computer games. But scientists have realized for many years that we can only go so far. The world of nanotechnology allows us to build things molecule by molecule From the bottom up! This opens up a world of possibilities.

NANOTECHNOLOGY Dr. MOHAMMAD IMRAN AZIZ Assistant Professor(Sr.) Department of Physics, Shibli National Post Graduate College, Azamgarh- 276001 E-mail: aziz_muhd33@yahoo.co.in

INTRODUCTION NANOTECHNOLOGY BASICS SALIENT FEATURES APPROACH, CONCEPTS & STRUCTURE APPLICATIONS CONCLUSION CONTENTS

Nanotechnology Is Not A New Phenomenon The Lycurgus Cup: 4th Century A.D. The British Museum. http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/ (March 2004) Image of silver/gold nanoparticle in the Lycurgus cup Green = Reflected Light Red = Transmitted Light

Nanotechnology in medieval period( 17th centuary) The steel of Damascus blades, which were first encountered by the Crusaders when fighting against Muslims, had features not found in European steels A characteristic wavy banding pattern known as damask, extraordinary mechanical properties, and an exceptionally sharp cutting edge. Here we use high-resolution transmission electron microscopy to examine a sample of Damascus sabre steel from the seventeenth century and find that it contains carbon nanotubes as well as cementite nanowires. Nature 444, 286 (16 November 2006)

“There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” (Richard Feynman’s Presentation – Dec 29, 1959)

Why Is NanoScience Popular Now Development of Tools – “Seeing” and “Manipulating” at the Nano-Level STM (Scanning Tunneling Microscopy) AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) Other tools

NANOTECHNOLOGY THE REVOLUTION OF ENDLESS POSSIBILITIES

NANOTECHNOLOGY BASICS

BIG FUTURE FOR THE TINY TECHNOLOGY

UNDERSTANDING SIZE How big (small) are we talking about?

UNDERSTANDING SIZE 1 meter

UNDERSTANDING SIZE 10 centimeters

UNDERSTANDING SIZE 1 centimeter

UNDERSTANDING SIZE 100 micrometers

UNDERSTANDING SIZE 10 micrometers

UNDERSTANDING SIZE 1 micrometer

UNDERSTANDING SIZE 100 nanometers

UNDERSTANDING SIZE 10 nanometers

UNDERSTANDING SIZE 1 nanometer

NANOMETER………..(nm) A nanometer is one billionth of a meter (10-9 m). This is roughly ten times the size of an individual atom.

SO WHAT IS IT? Nanotechnology is basically mechanisms that have been built by nanoscale components using to place every atom and molecule in a desired place

You could make one slice 1 nm size and smallest size is part of Nanostructure of bulk material Nanofabrication: Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up

Why Is Nanotechnology So Cool? Bulk Gold mp = 1064° C Color = gold 1 nm gold particles mp = 700 °C lmax = 420 nm Color = brown-yellow 20 nm gold particles mp = ~1000 °C lmax = 521 nm Color = red 100 nm gold particles mp = ~1000 °C lmax = 575 nm Color = purple-pink

nanostructures Nanostructures are defined as any material which has one or more dimensions which are measured on the the scale of nanometers. This definition has been applied for structures that have a conning dimension ranging from 600 nm in size to structures which are only one or two atoms in size (less than a nanometer). These structures vary widely in form and can consist of slabs, wires, dots, rings, tubes,hollow spheres and more

Nanotubes

Nanowires

Nanoslab

Nanodots

APPLICATIONS

Nanotechnology Applications Information Technology Energy Medicine Consumer Goods Smaller, faster, more energy efficient and powerful computing and other IT-based systems More efficient and cost effective technologies for energy production Solar cells Fuel cells Batteries Bio fuels Foods and beverages Advanced packaging materials, sensors, and lab-on-chips for food quality testing Appliances and textiles Stain proof, water proof and wrinkle free textiles Household and cosmetics Self-cleaning and scratch free products, paints, and better cosmetics Cancer treatment Bone treatment Drug delivery Appetite control Drug development Medical tools Diagnostic tests Imaging

CONCLUSION Improvements and developments in existing products, such as stronger and lighter materials. Potential to initiate completely new products and industries that do not exist today

Thank You! [B+][NO-]