UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSE IES AURINGIS JAEN. 1º ESO. Which celestial bodies do you know? What is this? This is a galaxy This is an…. asteroid When an asteroid crashes on earth it is called… meteorite How is the big one called? …. A planet The little one that orbits around the planet is called… satellite What is this? This is a nebula What is this bright body? This is a star What is this? This is a comet José Cayetano Bautista Expósito

UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSE Do yow know where we live? Yes, we live just here. In the milky way. In this little spot José Cayetano Bautista Expósito IES AURINGIS JAEN. 1º ESO.

UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSE Milky way is a spiral galaxy with about 200 billion stars….. It is not very big, isn't it? And 25.000 Ly thick  It is only 100.000 Light years (Ly) wide  only José Cayetano Bautista Expósito IES AURINGIS JAEN. 1º ESO.

José Cayetano Bautista Expósito UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSE The Sun. The star of solar system. Gases? Medium size star. Type G. Colour? Size type? Yellow: 5500ºC on the surface 75% H / 25% He Diameter? 1.400.000 Km Rotation? C.C.W. José Cayetano Bautista Expósito IES AURINGIS JAEN. 1º ESO.

UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSE Do you know the planets of the solar system? Sun Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto José Cayetano Bautista Expósito IES AURINGIS JAEN. 1º ESO.

UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSE Where is located the asteroids belt? Yes, just here, between Mars and Jupiter. What are asteroids? Big rocks with variable size that can run into earth and other planets occasionally. Which minor planet is in the asteroid belt? Yes, Ceres. José Cayetano Bautista Expósito IES AURINGIS JAEN. 1º ESO.

UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSE What is a comet? Rocs, ice and dust. Tails appear because Sun hot melts part of the comet Do you know where do the comets come from? José Cayetano Bautista Expósito IES AURINGIS JAEN. 1º ESO.

UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSE José Cayetano Bautista Expósito What is Kuiper Belt? Kuiper Belt is located beyond Pluto's orbit. There can be almost 200 million comets in it. It is the origin of Halley comet José Cayetano Bautista Expósito IES AURINGIS JAEN. 1º ESO.

UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSE Which is the origin of long period comets? Oort cloud This is the solar system This is Sedna’s orbit around the solar system This is Sedna: a long period comet from Oort cloud. This is the inner extent of Oort Cloud. Isn’t it huge? José Cayetano Bautista Expósito IES AURINGIS JAEN. 1º ESO.

1/10 Smallest planet (0.4 Earth diam.) Closest to Sun, moves around fastest (88 days). Spin takes 59 earth days. Surface -173 to 427 ºC (-280 to 800 ºF) Your weight on Mercury: 0,37* weight on earth No atmosphere Surface plenty of craters Mercury UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSE José Cayetano Bautista Expósito IES AURINGIS JAEN. 1º ESO.

UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSE Venus Nearly the same size as Earth (.95) Slowest rotation of any planet (243 days) Very thick atmosphere mostly CO2 Surface temp 377 to 487 C hotter than Mercury Very few craters Your weight on Venus: 0,88* weight on earth Spins C.W. You can see it in the night sky without a telescope! José Cayetano Bautista Expósito IES AURINGIS JAEN. 1º ESO.

UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSE Earth 12756 km diameter Day: 23 h 56 minutes Year: 365, 26 days. 23,5 degree axis tilt: origin of seasons! Surface temps –73 to 48 C Thick atmosphere made of Nitrogen and Oxygen mainly. Liquid water – lots! - at surface It has a satellite: The Moon José Cayetano Bautista Expósito IES AURINGIS JAEN. 1º ESO.

UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSE 25 degree axis tilt (seasons!) Rotates once every ~24 hours and orbits the Sun once every 687 days Very cold -83 to -33 C 6794 km diameter Thin atmosphere, 95% CO2 No liquid water at surface; ice in poles? Your weight on Mars: 0,38* weight on earth Two small moons - Phobos (Fear) and Deimos (Terror) Mars: The red planet José Cayetano Bautista Expósito IES AURINGIS JAEN. 1º ESO.

UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSE 89,000 miles (143,000 km) diameter – 11x Earth 10 hour rotation / 12 year orbit 71% mass of Solar System. (318 x Earth mass) Atmosphere: 90% H and 10% He Rocky core covered by liquid metallic hydrogen  electrical conductor, generates magnetic field 4 big satellites and another 12 little satellites like asteroids. Jupiter: The giant José Cayetano Bautista Expósito IES AURINGIS JAEN. 1º ESO.

UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSE 9x the size of Earth Your weight on Saturn: 1,15* weight on earth 97% hydrogen and 3% helium Rocky core surrounded by gases Winds up to 500 m / second Colder than Jupiter due to higher distance to sun Water ice, dust, rocks made the rings 19 satellites 10 hour rotation / 29 year orbit Saturn: The master of the rings José Cayetano Bautista Expósito IES AURINGIS JAEN. 1º ESO.

UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSE Uranus 4x the size of Earth Your weight on Uranus: 1,17* weight on earth Hydrogen, helium, methane – mostly ices. It is a frozen planet. No rocky core Blue from methane absorption of red light (atmosphere) It has 5 satellites 11 hour rotation, 84 year orbit Spins on an axis inclined 98 degrees and C.W. as Venus José Cayetano Bautista Expósito IES AURINGIS JAEN. 1º ESO.

UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSE Neptune H, He, methane atmosphere (blue!) as Uranus. A frozen planet too but the core is hot. 2 satellites 16 hour rotation / 165 year orbit Your weight on Neptune: 1,18* weight on earth José Cayetano Bautista Expósito IES AURINGIS JAEN. 1º ESO.

UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSE José Cayetano Bautista Expósito Is Pluto a Planet? Pluto: Smaller than earth moon Your weight on Pluto: 0,06* weight on earth One satellite. José Cayetano Bautista Expósito Yes No It has always been considered a planet Very small Very elliptical orbit Out of plane of ecliptic Same material as Kuiper belt objects Found other “non-planets” that were larger IES AURINGIS JAEN. 1º ESO.

UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSE END José Cayetano Bautista Expósito IES AURINGIS JAEN. 1º ESO.