Creating effective places Integrating transport & urban design Rail~Volution 2011, Washington DC 17th October 2011 Tim Stonor Architect & Town Planner Managing Director t.stonor@spacesyntax.com @Tim_Stonor

Space Syntax Laboratory University College London Fundamental research Technology development Space Syntax Limited London, Boston, Sydney... Strategic consulting Urban planning & design Spatial economics Human behaviour analysis

Observe Explain Forecast Deliver Space Syntax Evidence-based urban planning & design

Sao Paulo Sao Paulo

St Pancras International Station, London

Masdar, Abu Dhabi

Pedestrian Cycling Vehicle Public transport Bus, tram, metro A single modelling environment Movement types

Land use Type, density Environmental comfort Sun/shade, wind, surface, lighting Capacity Path width, directional conflict Comfort Bus, tram, metro Spatial layout accessibility Connectedness & betweenness Spatial & temporal Dynamic outputs Movement inputs

Stratford City, London Stratford International Station Stratford International Station

Stratford City, London London Olympics 2012 Masterplan

UK High Speed 1

London Waterloo Station Stratford International Station King’s Cross & St Pancras International Station

Kings Cross and St Pancras Stations, London Kings Cross Station St Pancras International Station

Spatial masterplanning Rapid design development & testing

Spatial masterplanning Rapid design development & testing

Spatial masterplanning Rapid design development & testing

Spatial layout as infrastructure It costs money to provide. It has a functional impact.

Suppressed movement economy. Enhanced movement economy. Main street, mixing global & local movement. Fast highways, separating global & local movement. The cost of access Fast highways not “Main Streets”

Climate change & resource depletion Cost & scarcity of energy & materials Economic regeneration Personal, community & institutional wealth Social wellbeing Real & perceived safety; health Cultural continuity Why is any of this important?

The risk Failed urbanism

London Waterloo Station King’s Cross & St Pancras International Station Stratford International Station

Waterloo, London Waterloo Station Hungerford Bridge Royal Festival Hall London Eye Waterloo Bridge Houses of Parliament Westminster Abbey Trafalgar Square Westminster Bridge

Waterloo, London Spatial Integration Existing Proposed Waterloo Station Hungerford Bridge Royal Festival Hall The London Eye Waterloo Bridge Waterloo Station The London Eye Waterloo Bridge Royal Festival Hall Hungerford Bridge

Waterloo, London High density, mixed-use regeneration

Origins Destinations Masdar, UAE Multi origin – multi destination modelling

Masdar, UAE Agent paths between origins & destinations

Movement through the central square is more direct, reflecting the focus on getting to work at this time of the day. Podium level adjacent to Project One becomes much busier as pedestrians commute from residential space and car park entrances. Masdar, UAE Pedestrian movement forecast 9am

As exposure to sunlight becomes greater on the shopping street, pedestrians move to the side of the street where shading is provided. The University area picks up more movement as pedestrians prefer the shaded routes through to offices. Pedestrians stay close to the shade provided by buildings rather than moving to the centre of the central square. Masdar, UAE Pedestrian movement forecast 2pm

Movement becomes more exploratory as more shade is provided further into the evening. Masdar, UAE Pedestrian movement forecast 6pm Spaces at the edge of the development will be avoided when there is exposure to direct sunlight.

450 People Per Hour 700 People Per Hour 150 People Per Hour Some of the narrower streets of the masterplan will still receive reasonable flow levels. One of the busiest streets in the masterplan is the link between the central public square and the retail street. This connection would also be suitable for small scale retail provision. The busiest part of Phase 1 will have up to 700 people per hour passing through the area. This figure will rise further at specific times of the day and will ensure that small scale retail will be able to survive on the back of passing trade. The central public space works well as a local focal space for the development. The square is a convenient short-cut between many destinations and as such will benefit for pedestrians passing through the centre of the square as well as static activity at the edges of the space. Masdar, UAE Place profiling

180 People Per Hour 30 People Per Hour 240 People Per Hour 10 People Per Hour The edge of the University area is likely to benefit both from University workers walking through to the deeper parts of the University area and those seeking shaded short cuts through to other parts of Phase 1. The internal parts of the University area will be relatively quiet for the majority of the day . The spaces are likely to be filled with sitting & standing activity however due to spill out areas and the frequency of trips between University buildings The space outside the Project 1 site will have highly varying flows throughout the day. At lunchtime flows are likely to be quite low (around 200 people per hour) but could reach over 600 people per hour during the peak of a morning commute. The majority of the Project One development will be very quiet for almost all of the day. The internal landscaping spaces are very unlikely to be used by anyone other than immediate residents which may fit well with the intentions for the residential aspect of the Phase 1 development Masdar, UAE Place profiling

Ebbsfleet, Kent Poor connectivity Bluewater Shopping Centre Ebbsfleet International Station

Ebbsfleet, Kent Poor connectivity Source: Land Securities

Spatial layout efficiency Global integration

Spatial layout efficiency Local integration Eastern Market Metro Suitland Metro

The railway tracks act as a barrier to pedestrian movement Ashford, Kent Urban Severance Ashford International Station Historic commercial centre

Ashford, Kent Regeneration masterplan Designed to strengthen connections across the railway tracks. Creates a “connective tissue”.

Ashford, Kent Public realm transformation Source: hamilton-bailie associates

Ashford, Kent Spatial Integration analysis Designed to strengthen connections across the railway tracks. Creates a “connective tissue”.

Revealing unseen opportunities & creating better ideas Generating the key spatial layout & land use features of development projects. Diagnosing existing contexts & identifying opportunities. Benefits of an evidence-based design approach

Measuring & improving the likelihood of success Providing reassurance. Alerting clients to the risks of functional failure. Finding alternative strategies to mitigate risk. Benefits of an evidence-based design approach

Facilitating communication between teams/stakeholders Speaking a common, spatial language. Building bridges between consultants & communities. Benefits of an evidence-based design approach

UK HS2 London – Birmingham / Manchester / Leeds London Leeds Manchester Birmingham High Speed 2 High Speed 1

Tim Stonor Architect & Town Planner Managing Director, Space Syntax Space Syntax t.stonor@spacesyntax.com www.spacesyntax.com