The general approach of applying spatial design is firstly to understand the spatial structure of an existing urban environment and its influence on pedestrian movement, crime propensity, land and rental value, social interaction and urban buzz - in this case the Kings Cross regeneration area…

…and then to apply our knowledge of spatial structure to provide suitable development options. For example this first grid like option…

…produces a weak pedestrian movement structure.

However, a more integrated route structure that links development into the right strategic connections surrounding the site…

…is shown to produce a powerful and coherent movement structure.

Measuring spatial accessibility My company, Space Syntax Limited, in partnership with University College London, has developed models that measure the spatial accessibility of individual streets within the overall spatial network. We display the results of the calculation graphically, using colours to represent accessibility values with highly accessible routes in red, then orange and yellow to less accessible routes in green and then blue. Here is the spatial accessibility analysis of London, showing the distinctive radial pattern of highly accessible routes from the centre to the edge. This pattern is created by the geometry of London’s street network. Our computer model analyses each segment of space between street intersections and calculates how accessible that segment is from all other segments.   Although we do not feed actual vehicle movement flows into the model, the remarkable fact is that the spatial accessibility pattern corresponds closely to the actual pattern of vehicle movement in London. Not only this, the pattern of spatial accessibility also corresponds to the historic location of land uses, with land uses that need more movement, such as popular retail, locating on more accessible streets and land uses that require less movement, such as housing, on less accessible streets.

Here is the spatial accessibility pattern of Beijing which, unlike London or Newcastle, has strong orbital connections.

Here is Tokyo, with strong radial connections and strong orbitals. Tokyo is famous for its polycentric structure with several major subcentres. Its spatial accessibility pattern makes Tokyo’s economic and cultural identity possible.

The centres around Central Beijing have been identified at 10km.

Urban planning & design Strategic urban consultancy Delegation from Beijing Changping District 23rd November 2011 Tim Stonor Managing Director Ed Parham Associate Director

UCL Space Syntax Laboratory Fundamental research Teaching Technology development Space Syntax Limited Strategic consulting Internship Technology development People Ideas Questions Research & practice A process of mutual development

Understanding movement Structuring movement Manipulating spatial networks

Understanding movement Structuring movement Manipulating spatial networks

Understanding movement Structuring movement Manipulating spatial networks

Understanding movement Structuring movement Manipulating spatial networks

Understanding movement Structuring movement Manipulating spatial networks

London Describing & measuring space A

Beijing Describing & measuring space

Tokyo

我还将向大家展示我们如何将空间句法的技术运用在北京中央商务区东扩的国际竞赛项目中。 紫禁城 Forbidden City 奥林匹克公园 Olympic Park 在中国的运用 Image CAUPD © 2009

历史分析 理解基地的演变 此基地有着深远的历史：中规院/空间句法设计联合体调查研究了它的历史并在最终设计中恢复了其中的很多元素。 这些包括两条古代商路及现代的但是在文化意义方面仍然非常重要的电力厂。 Image CAUPD © 2009

设计过程 运用模型来测试概念 六个设计概念被测试。其中最佳的四个被整合成最终优选方案。 Image CAUPD © 2009

我们深化了优选方案以创造一个由可步行的城市干道和支路所连接起来的小尺度邻里系统。 城市特质 局部尺度特征显著整体尺度连接度高 邻里平面 Image CAUPD © 2009

巨大的中央空间是一个联合小尺度邻里的装置。这也为重大的文化性活动提供了一个“黄金台”的背景。 中央空间 一座黄金台 Image CAUPD © 2009

行人，自行车和机动车在地面层的连接与城市和城际铁路的地下连接互补。 一个强化了的公共交通网络 Image CAUPD © 2009

结果 一个可持续的城市交通网络 现状 严重的交通堵塞。 低水平的公共交通服务。 与现状中央商务区割裂。 低质量的自然景观。 方案 混合交通网络模式。 步行和骑自行车的出行方式增加。 整合了现状中央商务区。 高质量的自然景观。 Image CAUPD © 2009

Existing City Proposed growth Approx. 40km 空间策略规划 规划的城市结构 城市尺度 Proposed spatial strategy Proposed city structure City wide scale

Existing city structure City wide scale Existing Jiading City-wide scale accessibility (Log ChN)

Changping

Changping昌平 Yanqing 延庆 Shunyi 顺义 Huairou 怀柔 Miyun 密云 Pinggu 平谷 Tongzhou 通州 Daxing 大兴 Fangshan 房山 Mentougou 门头沟 10km