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Removable Media

How Floppy Drives Work

FLOPPY DISK LAYOUT 1. Write-protect tab 2. Metal Hub 3. Shutter 4. Plastic housing 5. Paper ring 6. Magnetic disk 7. Disk sector.

Floppy Drive Subsystem

How Data Is Physically Stored on a Floppy Disk

How Data Is Physically Stored on a Floppy Disk

Tracks, Sectors, and Clusters 8

Standard PC Diskettes Configuration Source: http://www.karbosguide.com/

How Floppy Disks Vary Organization of tracks and sectors Density at which data can be stored Intensity of magnetic spots on magnetized plastic surface of the disk

Inside a Floppy Disk Drive

The major parts of a FDD include: Read/Write Heads: Located on both sides of a diskette, they move together on the same assembly. Drive Motor: A very small spindle motor engages the metal hub at the center of the diskette, spinning it at either 300 or 360 rotations per minute (RPM). Stepper Motor: This motor makes a precise number of stepped revolutions to move the read/write head assembly to the proper track position. The read/write head assembly is fastened to the stepper motor shaft. Mechanical Frame: A system of levers that opens the little protective window on the diskette to allow the read/write heads to touch the dual-sided diskette media. An external button allows the diskette to be ejected, at which point the spring-loaded protective window on the diskette closes. Circuit Board: Contains all of the electronics to handle the data read from or written to the diskette. It also controls the stepper-motor control circuits used to move the read/write heads to each track, as well as the movement of the read/write heads toward the diskette surface.

How Data Is Logically Stored on a Floppy Disk

How Data Is Logically Stored on a Floppy Disk

Ways to Format a Floppy Disk

Formatting Process for a Floppy

Replacing a Floppy Drive

Removing the Power Cable

The Data Cable

Reconnecting the Data Cable

Requirements for Adding a New Drive Empty bay Extra power cable (or “Y” splitter) Extra connection on floppy drive data cable

Adding a New Drive Slide the drive into the bay; screw it down Connect the cable and power cable Change setup

Flash Memory Same flash memory that replaced CMOS technology for your system BIOS, found another home in PCs in the form of removable mass storage devices. Flash memory comes in two different families: USB thumb drives and memory cards. USB thumb drives Are flash devices that contain a standard USB connection. Memory cards Is a generic term for a number of different tiny cards that are used in cameras, PDAs, and other devices

USB Thumb Drives Are hot-swappable in Windows 2000/XP/Vista Don’t need an external power source Latest systems enable you to boot to a thumb drive

Flash Cards The way people store data on small appliances Every digital camera, Virtually every PDA, and many Cell phones come Memory cards come in a number of different incompatible formats

CompactFlash The oldest, most complex, and physically largest of all removable flash media cards Roughly one inch wide CF cards use a simplified PCMCIA bus CF cards come in two sizes: CF I (3.3 mm thick) and CF II (5 mm thick) CF II cards are too thick to fit into CF I slots

MicroDrive

SmartMedia Competitor to CF cards and for a few years was quite popular in digital cameras

Secure Digital SD comes in two types: The original SD and SDIO SDcards store only data Advanced SDIO The “IO” denoting input/output rather than storage cards Support devices such as GPS and cameras To use an SDIO device, You must have an SDIO slot There is no way to tell an SD slot from an SDIO slot, so read the technical specs for your device!

Memory Stick Own something from Sony and it uses flash memory, you’ll need a Memory Stick Sony always likes to use proprietary formats

xD Picture Card About half the size of an SD card They’re almost exclusively used in digital cameras Although Olympus (the developer of the xD technology) produces a USB housing so you can use an xD Picture Card like any other USB flash memory drive xD Picture Cards come in three flavors: original, Standard (Type M), and Hi-Speed (Type H)

Card Readers Flash Memory PC must have a card reader in order to access the data on the card directly

Optical Drives CD-R CD-RW Music CDs DVD-Media Single-Sided (SS) Dual-Sided (DS) formats As the name implies, A DS disc holds twice the data of an SS disc Requires you to flip the disc to read the other side

How a CD Drive Can Interface with the Motherboard

Installing a CD Drive

DVD Drive

DVD Devices

Installing a DVD Drive

Installing a DVD Drive (continued)

Installing a DVD Drive (continued)

Installing a DVD Drive (continued)

Installing a DVD Drive (continued)

Installing a DVD Drive (continued)

Auto Insert Notification Enables Windows to detect automatically the presence of audio or data CD-ROMs when they are placed in the drive To turn it off is to edit the registry REGEDT32, access this subkey: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Cdrom Change Autorun 0 x 1 to 0 x 0 Most techs will use Group Policy to make the change because it gives you much more control in multiple CD and DVD drive situations

Troubleshooting Removable Media

Common Error Messages

Common Error Messages

Troubleshooting Optical Drives and Discs