Periodic Table Review Metals – left side of Periodic Table Good conductors of heat and electricity Non Metals – right side of Periodic Table Not good conductors of heat and electricity Metalloids – found along the stair step Have both properties of metals and nonmetals

Chapter 12 The Periodic Table

Periods A row of elements in the periodic table whose properties change gradually and predictably. Horizontally on the periodic table

Groups Contains elements with similar physical or chemical properties. Found vertically on the periodic table Also known as columns or families

Zones of the periodic table Representative Elements – Groups 1, 2, 13-18. Includes metals, metalloids, and nonmetals. Transition Metals – Groups 2-12

Groups Alkali Metals – Group 1 Silvery solids Low density Low melting point Very reactive Increases reactivity from top to bottom Found in Lithium batteries, table salt, bananas, etc.

Groups Alkaline Earth Metals – Group 2 Denser and harder than alkali metals Higher melting point reactive

Groups The Boron Group – Group 13 All are metals except Boron (brittle, black metalloid) Used to make cookware, soft drink cans, siding, baseball bats.

Groups The Carbon Group – Group 14 Contains metals, nonmetals and metalloids Carbon is found in living things Silicon is used for semiconductors Lead is used to protect you from Xrays

Groups The Nitrogen Group – Group 15 Includes Nonmetals (nitrogen and phosphorus – used by humans), metalloids (arsenic and antimony) and a metal (bismuth)

Groups The Oxygen Group – Group 16 Oxygen is essential to life Sulfur is used to make sulfuric acid Selenium conducts electricity in light and is used in solar cells

Groups The Halogens – Group 17 Nonmetals (except astatine which is a metalloid and is radioactive) Halogen means “salt former”

Groups The Noble Gases – Group 18 Non reactive Helium most commonly used Used for light bulbs. Radon -- radioactive

Groups Transition metals – Groups 3-12 Similar properties Most found combined in nature High melting points Some can be used as catalyst ( a substance that can make a reaction happen faster but is not changed itself)

Groups Lanthanides – Inner transition metals Rare earth metals Found in the earth’s crust Should be inserted into the Periodic Table after Lanthanium

Groups Actinides – Radioactive Most are synthetic elements – made in the laboratory and nuclear reactors Should be inserted into the Periodic Table after Actinium