EQ: What are the parts of DNA? How do genetic mutations occur and how do they affect traits? Warmup: What is the job of dna? What is a nucleotide?

Watson,Crick, and Franklin Created the first DNA model called “The Double Helix” Looks like twisted ladder.

Main parts Nucleotide-One segment of Dna. Bases are the rungs. ATCG Sugar phosphate backbone are the sides of the ladder.

DNA Bars Made of pairs of bases. A with T C with G Groups of three make one piece of code EX: ATC The order of bases makes the code Cells read DNA to know how to build proteins

PROTEINS Main job of dna and genes is to code for proteins

Review Genetic Code To show how DNA is a code for a message. Use The DNA code sheet to uncover the message. Write in your notebook. What if you make a mistake?

Dna Replication Dna Splits and fills in the blanks Sometimes there is a mistake

Genetic Mutations And Evolution

Types of Mutations

Mutation A change in dna Can cause a change in traits

Types of mutations

Mutations-Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle cell anemia One Wrong Amino Acid and the whole protein changes shape. Blood cell changes shape. Person has trouble carrying oxygen.

Are mutations bad Talk with your group. What if people STARTED with Sickle Cells and the mutation gave them the round cell. What would happen? Is this a good mutation?

When are they passed on? If I had a mutated skin cell would all my skin cells have them? IF I had a mutated skin cell from would my kids have mutated skin? In what type of cell would a mutation need to occur for my offspring to have it?

When do they pass on?

Causes Chemicals Sunlight Radiation Random mistakes

Can mutations be good? They can help organisms survive if they give new better traits

Mutation A change in dna Can cause a change in traits Can cause no effect Can be good(Adaptation) Can be bad (disorder)

Summary What are the parts of dna What is the molecule dna codes for? How can mutations be good or bad?