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2 Objectives Understand how Muhammad became the prophet of Islam Describe the teachings of Islam Explain how Islam shaped the way of life of its believers

3 I. Geography of Islam A. Location: Asia B. Region: Middle East C. Place: Saudi Peninsula D. Movement: use of trade routes help spread the religion

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5 Muhammad: The Messenger of God (3:29))

6 Objective One Understand how Muhammad became the prophet of Islam

7 II. The history of Islam A merchant named Muhammad claimed that while he was praying in a cave, the angel Gabriel spoke to him, ordering him to preach to all people.

8 II. The history of Islam B. In Mecca, he began to preach the idea of one God, but gained little support.

9 II. The history of Islam In 622, he and his followers were forced to flee Mecca to Yathrib (later changed to Medina “city of the prophet.”)

10 II. The history of Islam In 622, he and his followers were forced to flee Mecca to Yathrib… Muhammad’s flight became known as the Hijra. 622 became 1st year of Muslim calendar.

11 II. The history of Islam In 622, he and his followers were forced flee Mecca to Yathrib… 3. Muhammad created a community of Muslims using ties to Islam instead of ties to family.

12 II. The history of Islam D. In 630, he returned with a strong army and conquered Mecca.

13 II. The history of Islam D. In 630, he returned with a strong army and conquered Mecca. 1. He destroyed the idols in the Ka’aba -- a temple built by Abraham to honor the one true God

14 16th c tapestry http://jumalanpilkka.110mb.com/mohammed_image_archive/islamic_mo_face_hidden/m-kaaba.jpg

15 http://www.toursaudiarabia.com/images/kaaba-4-large.jpg

16 II. The history of Islam By 632, the time of Muhammad’s death, most of Arabic population had converted to Islam.

17 II. The history of Islam F. Today, Islam is one of the five major world religions. Today, its followers make up approximately one quarter of the world’s population -- 1.2 billion (pbs.org)

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19 Objective Two Describe the teachings of Islam

20 The Koran Beliefs of Muslim (2:40)

21 III. Islamic beliefs Monotheistic – God is all-powerful and compassionate – Allah is Arabic for God – same God of Jews and Christians

22 III. Islamic beliefs Sacred text: The Quran final authority on everything Direct, unchangeable word of God

23 III. Islamic beliefs Sacred text: The Quran Written in Arabic which all Muslims must learn shared language helped to unite Muslims

24 III. Islamic beliefs Sacred text: The Quran Provides guide to life Ethical standards – honesty, generosity, social justice

25 III. Islamic beliefs Sacred text: The Quran Provides guide to life Harsh penalties for certain crimes Final judgment  eternal punishment in Hell or eternal bliss in Paradise

26 III. Islamic beliefs Founder: Muhammad There are no priests God sent many prophets: Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad, his last and greatest prophet Code of ethical behavior: Five Pillars of Islam

27 The Five Pillars of Islam (1:04)

28 III. Islamic Beliefs Code of ethical behavior: Five Pillars of Islam Declaration of faith Must pray five times a day facing the holy city of Mecca. Charity, or alms, to the poor and aged.

29 Code of ethical behavior: Five Pillars of Islam Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan. Can’t eat or drink from dawn to sunset. The hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lives. III. Islamic Beliefs

30 The Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca (1:55)

31 III. Islamic beliefs Jihad or struggle in God’s service Internal struggle against immorality Holy war to defend Islam – “just holy war can only be declared by the community NOT an individual Muslim or small group” (Ellis 306).

32 III. Islamic beliefs Jihad or struggle in God’s service “People of the Book” The Torah, sacred book of Judaism, is considered the first revelation from God;

33 III. Islamic beliefs Jihad or struggle in God’s service “People of the Book” The Torah, sacred book of Judaism, is considered the first revelation from God; the Bible, sacred book of Christianity, is considered the second revelation from God;

34 III. Islamic beliefs Jihad or struggle in God’s service “People of the Book” The Torah, sacred book of Judaism, is considered the first revelation from God; the Bible, sacred book of Christianity, is considered the second revelation from God; and the Quran, sacred book of Islam, is considered the final revelation from God.

35 Objective Three Explain how Islam shaped the way of life of its believers

36 IV. Islam: a Way of Life A religion & a way of life Islamic law impacts daily life Sharia (Ellis 308) Developed by Muslim scholars from the Quran

37 IV. Islam: a Way of Life A religion & a way of life Islamic law impacts daily life Sharia Regulates moral conduct, family life, business practices,

38 IV. Islam: a Way of Life A religion & a way of life Islamic law impacts daily life Sharia Regulates government, other aspects of individual and community life

39 IV. Islam: a Way of Life A religion & a way of life Islamic law impacts daily life Sharia (308) Applies religious principles to criminal and civil law

40 IV. Islam: a Way of Life A religion & a way of life Islamic law impacts daily life Sharia Helps unite Muslims under common legal framework

41 IV. Islam: a Way of Life A religion & a way of life Muslim traditions impact ethical behavior & family relations Women–typical to times

42 IV. Islam: a Way of Life A religion & a way of life Muslim traditions impact… Women – typical to times Prior to Islam Could not inherit property

43 IV. Islam: a Way of Life A religion & a way of life Muslim traditions impact… Women – typical to times Prior to Islam Must obey male guardian

44 IV. Islam: a Way of Life A religion & a way of life Muslim traditions impact… Women – typical to times Prior to Islam In some tribes, “unwanted daughters were killed at birth” (308).

45 IV. Islam: a Way of Life A religion & a way of life Muslim traditions impact… Women – typical to times After Islam Affirmed spiritual equality of all Muslims  rights & protection to women

46 IV. Islam: a Way of Life A religion & a way of life Muslim traditions impact… Women – typical to times After Islam Prohibited killing daughters Women inherit property

47 IV. Islam: a Way of Life A religion & a way of life Muslim traditions impact… Women – typical to times After Islam Could reject marriage offer Encouraged education  read Quran

48 IV. Islam: a Way of Life A religion & a way of life Muslim traditions impact… Women – typical to times different roles and rights than men Inherited less than men Difficult time getting a divorce

49 IV. Islam: a Way of Life A religion & a way of life Muslim traditions impact… Women – typical to times Adopted practices from conquered peoples Persia

50 IV. Islam: a Way of Life A religion & a way of life Muslim traditions impact… Women – typical to times Adopted practices… Persia Veiling of upper class women (lower class often had to work and did not wear veils but dressed modestly)

51 IV. Islam: a Way of Life A religion & a way of life Muslim traditions impact… Women – typical to times Adopted practices… Persia Seclusion in separate part of home

52 The End

53 Works cited "Islam Today." Islam: Empire of Faith. pbs.org. 13 Feb 2008 <http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithtoday.html>. Jerusalem: History of the Holy Land. Discovery Channel School. 2004. unitedstreaming. 11 February 2008 http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/ Religions of the World: Islam. United Learning. 2001. unitedstreaming. 10 February 2008 http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/.