Narcyza Żmichowska

"All the dissatisfied from his position, from the state of a woman's life,   the so-called emancypanki, in the same column entered, nieprzyjaciółki morality and declared exempt from the public were respectful. " Narcyza Żmichowska

Narcyza Zmichowska was born on 4 March 1814 in Warsaw into a lower middle-class family. After the death of his father, and later his mother brought up by relatives. As a girl she learned to pay Susan Wilczynski, and then Governesses Institute in Warsaw. After graduating in 1838, Narcissus was a governess in the family of the Counts Zamoyski. Collaborated with the scriptures: "Scientific Review", and „The Pilgrim ". In 1846, in" Weekly Review "began to appear Poganka her novel - a novel in the form of confessions of a hero, typical of Romantic literature, with discussions on philosophical outlooks of the second generation of Polish national Romantics. In 1847, the book shows memorabilia. Gabryellę found and read by the fireplace fire, written on commission from a conspiratorial organisation. She was a Polish poetess and novelist, the author of manuals and pedagogical works, a democratic activist connected with the women_s emancipation movement. She is considered to be one of the precursors of feminism in Poland. Narcyza Zmichowska was a very well educated woman in her times. She studied in Paris, in Biblioteque Nationale, and was one of the first women to attend the sittings of the French Academy (L'Academie de Francais). Zmichowska was against clandestine activity, creating a secret conspiratorial group. Engaged in national liberation movements. October 24, 1849 we found the prison for women in connection with the underground. She was accused of illegal activities and contacts with Libelta and Mirosławskim. In prison she spent several months.

Novels Zmichowska take social issues, appeared heroes constantly seeking to target. The writer was a spokeswoman for the changes to the objectives of the nation: the romantic and doomed to fail rather movements for independence would have replaced the needs of individuals as a condition for social welfare. Narcyza thought that suffering is the cause of the fall of man, corrupts and distorts it morally. Disaster takes from man the possibility to make your life and others do good. Żmichowska had a decidedly negative attitude to all stereotypes, patterns and opposed to passive imitation. Hence also its relation to emancipatory movements.

She gave everyone a huge field of freedom, including sexual behavior, and at the same time impose upon him the responsibility for themselves, their development and education of their capabilities and potential. Narcissa's letters provide a picture very emotional person, wise and loving. She was in a close emotional connection with Paulina Zbyszewska. Love all the brothers has blessed his family and closest friends. Narcissus could see the beauty in man. In a special way and saw a beautiful woman who wanted to support and who was expecting the same support for themselves.

Zmichowska was teaching and teacher, her views were formed in opposition to the views of Tańskich Clementine Hoffman, whose alleged "male point of view", conservatism and lack of patriotism. Zmichowska developed a program of education for girls. She thought that knowledge is needed primarily to women so that they can make informed decisions in life and be able to choose other forms of social activity rather than the usual functions of wife and mother. The aim was to teach women their emancipation, in the words of Zmichowska: Learn, if you can, you should know how if you can and think about it, that you alone, they were enough, because if you need one for the care and support is not waiting. Postulated two training programs: one gospodarsko-practical for girls who want to devote to her family and upbringing of children and the second - scholarship for gifted girls. Both programs are characterized by pressure to form a national and patriotic attitude. The basis of education, there were 5 subjects: arithmetic, geography, natural science, history and language learning. Pupils were encouraged to think for themselves, synthesize and draw conclusions.

Zmichowska encourage women to set up each other "sister relationship" because they share a common destiny. Narcyza Żmichowska died in Warsaw on 25 December 1876. Zmichowska is the author of works: Poganka (first edition 1846) Souvenir book The dual effect Is it novel? Paths through life White rose Free time Gabryelli Science Lecture for assistance in the home education of girls Certainty