So, with these “urban” assets as a foundation, this is the “vision” of the future Cleveland set forth in the Connecting Cleveland 2020 Plan:

So, with these “urban” assets as a foundation, this is the “vision” of the future Cleveland set forth in the Connecting Cleveland 2020 Plan:

So, with these “urban” assets as a foundation, this is the “vision” of the future Cleveland set forth in the Connecting Cleveland 2020 Plan:

Here is Tokyo, with strong radial connections and strong orbitals. Tokyo is famous for its polycentric structure with several major subcentres. Its spatial accessibility pattern makes Tokyo’s economic and cultural identity possible.

We constructed a spatial model of the city to understand its accessibility patterns and to test strategic design ideas.

The scale of urban fragmentation that has since ensued can be seen by the comparison of development figure grounds from 1916 and 2005. The close grained nature of the built fabric of 1916 has been undermined through successive wholesale redevelopment and replaced with fragmented, incoherent urban form. Mirroring this evolution has been the increasing prevalence given to facilitating global through movement at the expense of local inter-accessiblity. Movement modes have been physically and functionally separated to the degree that the major public and private transport through routes are extremely difficult to traverse for pedestrians.

IRR – internal rate of return is a measure of the profitability of a project. It is an indicator of the efficiency, quality, of an investment. It is not the same thing as yield which is (1 year of revenue / purchase price of the property) Generally speaking, the higher a project's internal rate of return, the more desirable it is to undertake the project. As such, IRR can be used to rank several prospective projects a firm is considering. Assuming all other factors are equal among the various projects, the project with the highest IRR would probably be considered the best and undertaken first. IRR is calculated by solving for (r) in the NPV equation where NVP = 0. Net = Revenue – operating costs, debt service, taxes

Human city The importance of space Smarter Cities, Smarter Thinking London, 22nd June 2012 Tim Stonor Architect & Town Planner Managing Director t.stonor@spacesyntax.com @Tim_Stonor

Buildings are shiny Pipes are rusty Things float We all drink Coke

Congestion The goal of advanced civilisations?

التحديات معاناة المشاة Jeddah Strategic weaknesses Sprawl Pollution Decay

What is the city for? The city is for transaction Social Economic Cultural

© Google

© Google

© Google

The continuously connected city The largest object of human creation

Suppressed movement economy. Enhanced movement economy. Main street, mixing global & local movement. Fast highways, separating global & local movement. Urban challenge #1 Fast highways replacing main streets

© Google

1,000-2,000 Demolitions Annually Urban challenge #2 Foreclosures

26,570 foreclosures (2006-2009)

Targeting Urban Agriculture

Urban challenge #3 The rise of fragmenting urban design © Stoss

“The cities will be part of the country; I shall live 30 miles from my office in one direction, under a pine tree; my secretary will live 30 miles away from it too, in the other direction, under another pine tree. We shall both have our own car. We shall use up tires, wear out road surfaces and gears, consume oil and gasoline.” Le Corbusier The radiant City

Clarence Perry Neighbourhood Plan

©

© Groundlab

Ebbsfleet, Kent Fragmented urbanism Source: Land Securities

Analysing urban space

“Axial graph” analysis

Spatial hierarchy in the axial network

Research shows that 60-80% of movement flows are due to the structure of the network, measured by spatial accessibility. More accessible places get more movement. Spatial layout influences urban movement

In brief same input Courtesy of The TLRN Central London Pedestrian Study by Atkins 80% retail located on 20% most spatially accessible streets

Unplanned settlements Spatial layout distributes land use Land use distribution Spatial accessibility

Area 5 Area 6 Area 3 Area 2 Perth, Australia Property crime analysis Spatial layout influences crime & safety

Value of property security UrbanBuzz

Value of property security 0 UrbanBuzz

Spatial masterplanning Rapid design development & testing

Spatial masterplanning Rapid design development & testing

Spatial masterplanning Rapid design development & testing

Trafalgar Square, London Low levels of space use

Trafalgar Square, London New central staircase

Observe Explain Forecast Deliver Trafalgar Square, London Spatial design process

Designing for movement Elephant and Castle

1916 Coherent urban layout “The Piccadilly of the south” 2005 Fragmented urban layout - isolated, divided communities - disposable income exodus. Designing for movement Elephant and Castle

Weekday R square = 60% Weekend R square=73% Pedestrian forecast Pedestrian Forecast Model Spatial layout attraction Weekday R square = 49% Weekend R square = 54% Retail attraction Weekday R square = 38% Weekend R square = 51% Transport attraction Weekday R square = 26% Weekend R square = 28% Actual movement Forecast movement Actual movement Forecast movement

Design proposal Forecast >600 300 – 600 150 – 300 100 – 150 60 – 100 0 – 60 People Per Hour 1504_PedMov_Forecast_PropMasterplan

Case studies Earls Court Elephant & Castle

Earls Court Scenarios Dislocated layout Integration R400 Proposed layout Accessibility score 35 Accessibility score 75

Elephant & Castle master plan Scenarios Proposed layout Dislocated layout Integration R400 Accessibility score: 93 Accessibility score: 57

Urban value Uplift Over 40 Years Earls Court Elephant & Castle

The second digital mutation

Beijing CBD Continuously connected street grid CAUPD © 2009

Unplanned settlements as fragmented urban places

6.5 billion 9 billion 2010 2050 World Population 3 billion 7 billion 2010 2050 Urban Population 1 billion 3 billion 2010 2050 1.5 billion 2010 2050 Middle Class 4 billion Informal Urban Population Source: UN-Habitat, Goldmann Sachs

Tim Stonor Architect & Town Planner | Managing Director, Space Syntax Twitter @Tim_Stonor Blog www.timstonor.com LinkedIn www.linkedin.com/in/timstonor t.stonor@spacesyntax.com www.spacesyntax.com