Fireworks consists a mixture of metal elements, some salts and other compounds. When these are ignited, a certain colour or a spark effect is given off. What is an element? What is a compound? What are mixtures? Do you know what is this???

An introduction to Basic Chemistry Elements, Compounds & Mixtures

Things to be covered in this topic Elements Compounds Mixtures Summary

Revision on matter Is this a matter  or non-matter ? SOUND?

What is a matter? Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Examples of matter Tables, books, cars, air Non-examples of matter Revision on matter All matter is made up of basic building blocks called elements.

What is an Element? The simplest form of matter An element is a pure substance which cannot be broken down into any simpler substances by chemical processes or by electricity

What is an Element? There are more than 110 elements discovered to date, of which 92 are found naturally on Earth and 17 are made artificially or man-made. Iron, Fe Sulphur, S Chlorine, Cl

What is an Element? Elements are made up of tiny particles called atoms. Eg. Atoms of one element are different from the atoms of another element. Gold Atoms Carbon Atoms

What is an Element? The 110 elements are classified according to their properties in a Periodic Table. Each element is represented by a chemical symbol in the Periodic Table. Each symbol is made up of one or two letters. The first letter is always a capital letter; the second letter (if any) is always in lower case. The letters can come from names of the element in other languages such as Arabic, Greek and Latin.

Chemical Symbols Why the need for special symbols for elements? Faster to use symbols than to write the whole name. Scientists from around the world use the same symbol for easy communication.

Classification of elements Classification of elements by states Elements can be classified by their physical states at room temperature. Eg elements can be classified as solids, liquids or gas.

Classifying Elements - Solids Examples of solid elements: Sodium Carbon Gold

Classifying Elements - Liquids Examples of liquid elements: Mercury Bromine

Classifying Elements - Gases Examples of gaseous elements: Chlorine Nitrogen Argon There are 11 gaseous elements in the periodic table.

Classification of elements Classification of elements as Metals and Non-metals Elements can be classified as metals and non-metals.

Classification of elements Metals Non-Metals

Classification of elements Classification of elements in the Periodic Table Elements have been arranged in the Periodic Table according to their properties. But.. Wait… How are the elements organised in the periodic table?

Elements in the same vertical column (called a group) have similar properties.

Elements in the same horizontal row (called a period) show a gradual change from metallic properties to non-metallic properties, from left to right across the Period.

Uses of elements The uses of an element is dependent on its properties. For example, hydrogen gas has the lowest density of all the gases. It was used to fill airships in the early 1900’s.

Uses of elements However, it is also highly flammable. In 1937, a disaster occurred when a German airship exploded, killing 36 people. Now, helium gas is used instead

Uses of Elements Aluminium is used to make airplane bodies Chlorine is used to kill bacteria in swimming pools

Uses of Elements Copper is used to make wires Gold is used to make jewellery and sculptures

Uses of Elements Helium is used to fill balloons. Hydrogen is used as fuel in rockets

Uses of Elements Mercury is used in thermometers. Silicon is used to make electronic parts.

Summary An element is a pure substance which cannot be broken down into any simpler substances by chemical processes or by electricity. Elements can be classified by states, as metals and non-metals and be grouped into the Periodic Table according to their properties. The use of the elements is dependent on its properties.